[Phytochemical and morphophysiological responses of dill [anethum graveolens l.] to foliar application of potassium sulfate and methanol biostimulant]

Background: The application of methanol biostimulant and potassium sulfate with reducing of photorespiration and transpiration in C3 plants, increasing the absorption of water and food, and biosynthesis of amino acids can have a direct or indirect effect on the growth and metabolic index of plants

Objective: This study was directed to investigate the effect of methanol and potassium sulfate foliar application on morpho-physiological and phytochemical changes in dill

Methods: This study was conducted as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design at institute of medicinal plants. Experimental treatments included foliar application of methanol at 3 levels [0, 20, 40 v/v%] and potassium sulfate at 4 levels [0, 1, 1.5, 2 g.L]

Results: Methanol application increased the leaf and stem dry weight, and inflorescence fresh weight. Foliar application of different levels of potassium sulfate also increased the plant height, leaf dry weight, and inflorescence and shoot fresh weight. The use of methanol was not effective on the amount of essential oil in the dill. But, increased the amount of "-pienene. Low concentration of methanol increased the content of thymol, myrcene, "-phellandrene, and P-cymenen. So, increasing the concentration of methanol reduced their amount

Conclusion: Phytochemical and morphophysiological traits of dill were increased with application of methanol and potassium sulfate. As, the highest amount of leaf and stem dry weight, inflorescence fresh weight, and a-pienene was obtained with 40% methanol application. Also, the use of 2 g.L[-1] of potassium sulfate produced the highest amount of plant height, leaf dry weight, inflorescence and shoot fresh weight

Factors affecting studenls academic failure in Ahvaz Jundishapur university of medical sciences in 2005

Investigating factors affecting academic failure may provide a more clear view towards university's function for educational administrators and lead to more appropriate interventions for reducing the effects of academic failure. This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting students' academic failure in Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences. In this survey, performed in academic year of 2004-2005 in Jondishapour University of Medical Sciences, 100 failed and 100 non-failed students participated. The research tools were questionnaires gathering information about demographic features, satisfaction with discipline and university, mental health, and educational stressors. Data was analyzed by SPSS software using chi[2] and t-test. Male and married students faced with such failures more than others. Dropped students worked more for affording life expenses. Most of them had their high school education in villages and small towns, had their high school graduation in summer [late graduation], had lower average score, with more gap between high school diploma and university admission, had older ages, with less literate parents and lower class occupations. Dropped students were less satisfied with their discipline, and enjoyed less mental health. They had experienced more tensions resulted from post-graduation period, dormitory environment, educational conditions, and educational environment. Considering the effective variables on academic performance and students' educational failure, the educational authorities should make appropriate plans and strategies in order to identify at risk students and provide proper consultation and better facilities for them

[ epidemiologic survey on dmft amony 4-5 year old children of kindergartens under the supervision of Behzisti organization in Tehran [2003]]

Background and aim: the goal of this study was to determine some of the epidemiologic factors of dmft and CF rate [caries free] among 3-5 year old children of kindergartens under the supervision of Behzisti organization in Tehran [2003]

Methods and Materials: this cross-sectional study was performed randomly on 400 girls and boys, aged 3-5, from 32 kindergartens. Examinations were done by on explorer and mirror and x-ray was not used. Caries diagnosis was based on WHO guidelines and children with dmft=0, were considered as CF cases. General knowledge of children were asked from their parents through a questionnaire. Statistical tests including x2, t and one way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test when needed were used. Significance level was a = 0.05 and Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the relationship between quantitative variables and dmft

Results: mean dmft among the investigated children was 2.45 and means of "d", "m,' and "f' were 195. 0.43 And 0.07, respectively. The rate of CF, in this study was 48.3% and "Sex" did not have an effect on CF. Investigations showed that the rate of CF decreased mean dmft increased by age [P>:0.00l].Also was observed that parents education, mother occupation, the size of family and the grade of child's birth were significantly effective on dmft [P<0.05]. In groups with low-level parents education and house-wife mothers, mean dmft was high and an increase in family size and grade of child's birth, dmft was also increased

Conclusion: this study showed mean dmft in investigated children as 2.45 and the rate of CF as 48.3 which did not show acceptable results. Children belonging to parents of low-level education had more problems