Second generation of HIV surveillance system: a pattern for Iran

For the purpose of minimizing the HIV/AIDS epidemic effects, one of the programs is the promotion of scientific methods and setting of the suitable surveillance systems. The present research was conducted to design the HIV/AIDS surveillance system in Iran applying WHO recommendations and the experience of some countries. In 2009, based on the country's requirements, the HIV/AIDS surveillance system was proposed and designed for Iran. The Delphi technique was utilized to find the views of experts. Data analysis was conducted based on a comparison of the attributes of the HIV/AIDS surveillance systems in the countries under consideration using a descriptive and theoretical analysis. The model was approved obtaining the final score of 36.3 out of 44, viz 82.5%. Designing and performing of the HIV/AIDS surveillance pattern in the direction of "second generation of HIV/AIDS surveillance" can be considered as an important step in the improvement of the patient's control and precaution of HIV/AIDS

Multi vesicular osseous hydatid disease of the mandible- a case report

Hydatid disease is a common and major public health issue caused by parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The highest prevalence of the parasite can be found in different parts of world like Africa, Australia, and South America. This infection can occurs in almost any part of the body. Here we present clinical, radiological, histological features and treatment of a multi vesicular osseous hydatid disease of the mandible in an Afghan 5 year old boy with a firm swelling in the right side of mandible

[Histological evaluation of the effects of human bone matrix gelatin [BMG] with autogenous bone graft in the reconstruction of parietal bone defect in rats]

Autogenous bone grafts are commonly used for the reconstruction of bone defects in surgical procedures. The complication of preparing bone grafts and their application are important factors that have encouraged investigators to use human bone matrix gelatin human [BMG] which is one of the most popular graft materials. Because of the worldwide need for reconstruction of bone defects and its difficulty the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of BMG and auto graft on the reconstruction of bone defects in parietal bone of rats. In this experimental study, data was collected through microscopic observations. Human BMG produced using human Humorous bone based on Urist technical method. 12 healthy male Sprague dawley rats randomly assigned into 4 groups [3 rats in each group] and sacrificed in 7, 14, 24 and 60[th] days after surgery. Two defects were made in the left and right sides of parietal bone of all rats. Human BMG placed randomly in one side and auto graft in the other side and then all specimens in each group were assessed and compared histologically to each other. Assessments included amount, rate and type of bone formation, inflammation signs, fibrous tissue and cartilage formation to analyze the histologic findings, Wilcoxon-single rank test was used. The results showed a reduction of inflammation and also increase in new bone formation in both groups during 7, 14, 24 and 60th day after surgery. Bone formation percentage in human BMG cases in 24th day was more than autograft. There was no significant difference between two groups in 60th day. The findings suggested that although human BMG has the same effects as autograft, the rate of reconstruction with human BMG is more