Effect of Stem Cells, Ascorbic Acid and SERCA1a Gene Transfected Stem Cells in Experimentally Induced Type I Diabetic Myopathy

Background and Objectives@#Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2＋-ATPase (SERCA) inhibition was proved in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. The present study aimed at investigating and comparing the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), BMMSCs combined with ascorbic acid (AA) and SERCA1a gene transfected BMMSCs in induced type I diabetic myopathy of male albino rat. @*Methods@#and Results: 54 rats were divided into donor group of 6 rats for isolation, propagation and characterization of BMMSCs and SERCA1a transfected BMMSCs, groups I∼V 48 rats. Group I of 8 control rats, group II (Diabetic) of 10 rats given STZ 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal, group III (BMMSCs) of 10 rats given STZ and BMMSCs intravenous (IV), group IV (BMMSCs and AA) of 10 rats given STZ, BMMSCs IV and AA 500 mg/kg and group V (SERCA 1a transfected BMMSCs) of 10 rats given STZ and SERCA1a transfected BMMSCs IV. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius specimens were subjected to biochemical, histological, morphometric and statistical studies. Diabetic rats revealed inflammatory and degenerative muscle changes, a significant increase in blood glucose level, mean DNA fragmentation and mean MDA values and a significant decrease in mean GSH and catalase values, area of pale nuclei, area% of CD105 and CD34 ＋ve cells, SERCA1a protein and gene values. The morphological changes regressed by therapy. In group III significant decrease in DNA fragmentation and MDA, significant increase in GSH and catalase, significant increase in the mean area of pale nuclei, area % of CD105 and CD34 ＋ve cells versus diabetic group. In group IV, same findings as group III versus diabetic and BMMSCs groups. In group V, same findings as group IV versus diabetic and treated groups. Western blot and PCR proved a mean value of SERCA1a protein and gene comparable to the control group. Mean calcium concentration values revealed a significant increase in the diabetic group, in BMMSCs and AA group versus control and SERCA1a group. @*Conclusions@#SERCA1a transfected BMMSCs proved a definite therapeutic effect, more remarkable than BMMSCs combined with AA. This effect was evidenced histologically and confirmed by significant changes in the biochemical tests indicating oxidative stress, muscle calcium concentration, morphometric parameters and PCR values of SERCA1a.

How to Improve Eating Behaviour during Early Childhood / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Eating behaviour disorder during early childhood is a common pediatric problem. Many terminologies have been used interchangeably to describe this condition, hindering implementation of therapy and confusing a common problem. The definition suggests an eating behaviour which has consequences for family harmony and growth. The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition does not cover the entire spectrum seen by pediatricians. Publications are substantive but level of evidence is most of the time low. This purpose of this review is to clarify terminology of eating behaviour problems during early childhood; including benign picky eating, limited diets, sensory food aversion, selective eating, food avoidance emotional disorder, pervasive refusal syndrome, tactile defensiveness, functional dysphagia, neophobia and toddler anorexia. This tool is proposed only to ease the clinical management for child care providers. Diagnostic criteria are set and management tools are suggested. The role of dietary counselling and, where necessary, behavioural therapy is clarified. It is hoped that the condition will make its way into mainstream pediatrics to allow these children, and their families, to receive the help they deserve.

Essential hypertension among Egyptian adults

Background: hypertensive diseases represent a major disease burden in Egypt. The prevalence of hypertension in Egypt in 2008 among adults of age>/= 25 was 17.6%. In 60% of patients, hypertension is usually associated with cardiovascular risk factors. This leads to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Management of hypertension in Egypt is not easy because of treatment costs and inefficient primary health care system. There is a need for developing national hypertension guidelines to improve the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension with the final goal of preventing and decreasing mortality and morbidity

Aim of work: to assess the essential hypertension status among the Egyptian adult population of age>/= 25 and to study the modifiable social and environmental risk factors, health consequences, and assess the cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications to help disease prevention and limitation of complications

Patients and methods: this study was conducted on 312 patients of age>/= 25 with essential hypertension. All patient were subjected to full medical history and physical examination that including measurement of blood pressure [BP] and fundus examination. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, waist circumferences, and hip circumferences were also measured. Waist to hip ratio and body mass index [BMI] were calculated. Laboratory investigations were performed including complete blood count [CBC], fasting blood glucose, measurement of creatinine, uric acid and lipid profile. Microalbuminuria was also assessed. Other investigations including electrocardiogram and echocardiograph were done

Results: Male patients were 134[42.9%], while females were 178[57.1%]. Their ages ranged from 30 to 85 years with a mean +/- SD of 55.16 +/- 9.4years.Dyslipidemia was found in 152 [49%] patients. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction [LVDD] was represented in160 [51%] patients. Uncontrolled BP was represented in [73%], [66%] and [55%] of non-educated, mild to moderate educated and high educated patients respectively. Retinopathy was found in 121 [38.8%] patients, 76 [60%] patients were hypertensive diabetic and 45 [24%] patients were hypertensive non-diabetic. Albumin in urine was present in 20%of patients

Conclusion: strategies that enhance public awareness of hypertension and increase access to affordable medications are urgently needed. Prevention of hypertension needs both a population strategy and an intensive strategy focused on individuals at high risk. The complications of hypertension can be prevented by adequate blood pressure control with screening programs to identify the population at risk

Clinical Predictors of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases in Children

PURPOSE: To promote awareness of primary immunodeficiency (PID), the "10 warning signs" of PID and an immunodeficiency-related (IDR) score were developed. However, their efficiency in identifying PID cases was not sufficiently evaluated in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to test the validity of the 10 warning signs and IDR score in identifying PID among children with recurrent infections at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Egypt. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 204 patients was performed. Of these patients, 92 had defined PID diseases and 112 were considered non-PID cases because investigations were inconclusive. RESULTS: Demonstrating two warning signs and an IDR score of 6 led to sensitivities of 94 and 66%, respectively, and specificities of 64 and 75%, respectively, in identifying PID cases. The strongest predictor of PID was family history that, if combined with the need for intravenous antibiotics, recurrent deep-seated infections, and failure to thrive, could identify 81% of PID patients. A family history of PID, sibling death, and/or parental consanguinity would predict 92% of combined immunodeficiencies, 92% of phagocyte defects, 87% of well-identified immunodeficiency syndromes, and 84% of antibody deficiency if the need for intravenous antibiotics is considered in the latter. CONCLUSIONS: The 10 warning signs and IDR score do not aid in an early diagnosis of severe PID. Educational campaigns should target pediatricians aiming to increase PID awareness and to address family history of PID, parental consanguinity, and previous sibling death as key predictors of PID in communities with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages.

Spinal lidocaine vs bupivacaine for short duration operative gynecological laparoscopy

Background: The concept that general anesthesia is the only suitable technique for laparoscopic procedures has been changed. Regional anesthesia, including epidural and spinal techniques, combined with the head down position can he used for gynecological laparoscopy without major impairment of ventilation

Aim of the work: This study was designed to compare between lidocaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia for operative gynecological laparoscopy regarding the efficacy of the two spinal techniques, patients and surgeons comfort, intra- and postoperative characteristics and complications

Patients and Methods: This is a double blinded randomized prospective study which was conducted at Assuit University Hospital after approval from local ethics committee and informed consent from all patients. The study included 60 women who were scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopy, ASA physical status I and II. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group I, patients received 2.5 ml 2% plain lidocaine [50 mg] made up to 3 ml solution by addition of 0.5 ml fentanyl [25 microg]. In group II: patients received 2.5 ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine [12.5 mg] made up to 3 ml solution by addition of 0.5 ml fentanyl [25microg]. All patients received 30 mg ketorolac in 500 ml of normal saline, preoperatively, routine monitors were applied [ECG, non invasive blood pressure, pulse oximeter]. The subarachnoid block was performed using a standardized technique. A standardized surgical technique was used for laparoscopy. Shoulder tip pain was recorded and the intensity of pain was measured on a 10-cm visual analog scale [VAS]. Pain >/= 3 on VAS was treated with fentanyl [50microg] and midazolam [1.5 mg] intravenously. Surgical condition, hemodynamic data [non invasive blood pressure [NIBP], heart rate [HR], respiratory rate [RR], O[2] saturation [SpO[2]], arterial blood gas [ABG], intra-operative, and post operative side effects were recorded as nausea, pain and transient neurological symptoms [TNS] in addition to recovery profile including time to full motor and sensory recovery, time to ambulate and time to discharge

Results: There were no significant differences between both groups as regard age, weight, height, body mass index, CO[2] volume and pressure, and pneumoperitonium time. There were no significant differences between the two groups as regard to NIBP, HR, RR, SpO[2], ABG and intra operative complications. Arterial CO[2] tension showed significant increase at 10 min after insufflations in both groups. Surgical condition was rated by surgeons as good to excellent in most patients in both groups with no significant difference between both groups. In the lidocaine group, two patients were excluded from data collection and analysis due to intractable shoulder pain and they required general anesthesia, otherwise shoulder pain >/= 3 on VAS was easily managed in patients in both groups with fentanyl 50microg and midazolam 1.5 mg intravenously. The time to onset of motor block and the time to reach sensory level to T12 and T6 were significantly shorter in the lidocaine group patients in comparison to the bupivacaine group patients. Patients in the lidocaine group showed significantly faster recovery than patients in the bupivacaine group, but unfortunately, they showed significantly higher incidence in TNS than patients in the bupivacaine group. There were no significant differences between both groups regarding postoperative complications

Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia could be a suitable and safe technique for gynecological laparoscopy with a reasonable acceptance from both patients and surgeons. Additionally it possesses the advantage of pain free recovery and low incidence of post operative complications. Even though spinal lidocaine provided faster recovery profile after gynecological laparoscopy than spinal bupivacaine, but it has the disadvantage of higher incidence of TNS

Sorption of cadmium and lead ions by cunninghamella elagans lender ML2

CUNNINGHAMELLA elegans Lender was isolated from agricultural field treated with sewage industrial effluents. It was selected on the basis of its high frequency for the biosorption potential evaluation of cadmium and lead. Alkali pretreated dead biomass was used for biosorption experiments. The effects of biomass concentration, initial metal concentration, pH, contact time, temperature and agitation rate were studied. The maximum uptake capacities of cadmium and lead ions are 59 mg/g and 71 mg/g dry wt biomass at initial concentration of metal ions 300 mg/L and 200 mg/L biomass dosage, respectively. The optimum pH values for cadmium and lead biosorption were 5.0 and 6.0. The best temperature was 25°C for cadmium and lead ions. Maximum uptake for cadmium was achieved after 60 min, while for lead after 30 min. The best agitation rate was 120rpm for both metal ions removal. The technique of scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis [EDAX] shows that cadmium and lead were exchanged with elements present on the surface of native cells of C. elegans Lender thereby suggesting ion exchange as one of the dominant mechanisms of metal hiosorption for this fungal strain. Alkali pretreated biomass was tested to remove cadmium and lead ions from three wastewater samples. Cadmium and lead ions were effectively eluted by 15 mM HNO[3] and 10 mM EDTA, respectively

Role of stabilizers in preparation of a potent sheep pox vaccine

Production of live attenuated sheep pox vaccine sustained the elevated temperatures during freeze-drying, transportation storage and vaccination in unequipped tropical and subtropical zones of the world, is highly recommended. For this reason, eight stabilizer formulas were individually used for preparation of eight sheep pox vaccines, which were lyophilized and then titrated and accordingly four vaccine formulas were eventually selected that should be tested for thermoprotectivity to select the best stabilized vaccine. These selected vaccines were tested for sterility; potency [vaccination and challenge] and safety in susceptible sheep. The collected blood sera were subject to serological examination for estimating the antibody response by ELISA. The results proved transcendence of sheep pox vaccines stabilized with 10% trehalose alone or in combination with 5% lactalbumin hydrolyste in the thermoprotectivey, thereby improvement vaccination efficacy

Short term outcomes of brachio - basilic fistula with immediate superficialization for haemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients

The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and early results of brachio-basilic shunts with immediate superficialization created for chronic haemodialysis. Twenty chronic renal failure patients who had failure of the primary A-V fistula and need a second method for angioaccess were enrolled in the study. Patients' selections were done after detailed history, physical examination, laboratory investigations, colour duplex evaluation of brachial artery and basilic vein and optimizations of the hemodynamic and coagulation status. Surgery was performed under appropriate anesthetic techniques. Antibiotics postoperatively may be used depending on the operating circumstances and considering the patients individual susceptibility to infection. No anticoagulation should be used at least 48 hours postoperatively. Maintenance of adequate hydration and blood pressure both during operation and in the post operative period is important. Follow up of patients for thirty days postoperatively regarding; any complications, Colored duplex for reevaluation of the shunt, and assessment of the feasibility of the shunt for dialysis. our study include 20 patients; 13 male and 7 female, their age ranging from 17 to 70 years and 70% of our patients were in the 5th or sex decade with undefined etiology of renal failure. 45% of our patients had other associated disease, while 55% had previous trials of AVF, 20% had failure of the procedure, and 35% had postoperative complications. The study showed that the age, size of vein and artery pre-operatively previous trials had no significant effect on the outcome of the shunt. While the diseases associated with chronic renal failure showed significant difference on the outcome of the shunt. the brachio basilic fistula with immediate superficialization is a reliable method for angioaccess for hemodialysis in patients suffering chronic renal failure had been losing their primary angioaccess or having poor superficial veins

Preparation and evaluation of killed NDV vaccine using new oil adjuvant

Preparation of inactivated oil Newcastle disease virus [NDV] vaccine using different new oil adjuvant Montonide ISA 70 VG, ISA 763A VG and ISA 775 as oil adjuvants in comparison with paraffin oil was carried out. The prepared vaccines with Montanide ISA 70 VG, 763 A VG and 775 VG induced high antibody titers than that induced by vaccines prepared with paraffin oil when determined by serological tests [HI and SNT]. The highest titer observed in prepared vaccine by ISA 70 VG oil adjuvant after 3 weeks post vaccination and remained high till 12 weeks post vaccination and has long duration of immunity reached to 12 month with a protective antibody titer and protection against challenge while prepared vaccine by Montonide ISA 763 A VG oil adjuvant reached 10 month with Montanide ISA 775 reached to 9 months, but in paraffin protective antibody titer reached only till 5 month

pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in Damanhour Chest Hospital over the period 2005-2007

The study of the pattern of pulmonary Tuberculosis [T.B] during the three years 2005-2007 in Damanhour Chest Hospital [D.C.H] revealed the following: Out of 10332 attendants examined by mass miniature radiography [M.M.R] there were 471 [4.5%] cases were suspected to have pulmonary T.B .436 patients [4.7%] out of 471 were having bronchogenic T.B and only 35 [0.3%] were having pleural effusion. Sputum analysis revealed 291 [66.5%] were positive sputum for acid fast bacilli [A.F.B] and 145 [33.5%] were sputum negative for [A.F.B]. Bronchogenic pulmonary T.B cases were classified radiologically as unilateral lesion in 430 patients [98.64%], and only 6 patients [1.3%] as bilateral pulmonary T.B. All the extra pulmonary T.B cases were pleural effusion. The commonest age incidence for the pulmonary T.B was in the age group 16-30 years [200 patients 42.4%] from total number 471 suspected cases. The study of the epidemiological pattern for T.B inpatients presented in the hospital during the study revealed that T.B was more prevalent among males age group [16-30] years, lower level of education, farmers sailers and labourers most of them were smoker especially Goza. The comparative study between these three years 2005-2007 there was a decrease in total number of tuberculous patients 7.3%, 4% and 3.1% respectively .Also this study showed that males 312 [71.5%] were more prone to T.B infection than the females

Recurrent osteochondroma of the phalanges of the hand: review of literature and a case report

Osteochondroma is a benign developmental growth defect usually found in the metaphyseal area of long bones. It rarely affects small bones of the hands and feet. We report a case of a seventeen-year-old female patient presenting by recurrent solitary Osteochondroma that was located at the distal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb away from the growth plate

Construction of a recombinant baculovirus expressing the major capsid protein [VP6] of bovine rotavirus

The present study reports the expression of VP6, the major inner capsid protein of bovine rotavirus Nebraska calf diarrhea virus [NCDV] strain in a baculovirus expression system. The full-length DNA copies of RNA segment 6 [coding for VP6 protein] of NCDV were inserted into a baculovirus expression vector. A recombinant baculovirus carrying the VP6 gene was constructed through homologous recombination between the baculovirus recombinant plasmid carrying the VP6 gene and Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus [AcNPV] under the control of the polyhedrin promotor. Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda [Sf9] cells with the recombinant baculovirus expressing VP6 protein revealed a high-level of expression when tested by immunoflurescence and solid phase ELISA tests using BRV-specific polyclonal antibodies. The VP6 expressed protein was detected in Coomassie blue stained SDS-PAGE and produced a detectable band in Western blot assay. The high degree of reactivity with BRV-specific polyclonal antibodies confirmed that the antigenic determinants of the expressed protein were unaltered. The use of the in vitro expressed VP6 protein in the field diagnosis and vaccine development to control rotavirus infection is of considerable intere

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in diabetic patients

Hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection primarily causes liver disease but also various extrahepatic manifestations. The association of chronic HCV infection and diabetes mellitus has been recently reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of HCV infection in diabetes patients. This study included 100 diabetic patients and 300 group control patients consulting in various diagnostic centers. Serum samples were tested for anti-hepatitis C virus antibody [HCV Ab], total HBc antibody and for hepatitis B antigen [HBs Ag]. Anti HCV were detected in 6 diabetic patients and 2 controls [6% vs 0.67%, p=0.001]. And 5/6 HCV Ab positives patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. HBs Ag and anti HBc were detected respectively in 1% and 49% in diabetic patients. Our study shows an increasing seroprevalence of HCV Ab in diabetic patients that allows us to define them as a group at risk for viral hepatitis C

Laparoscopic ovarian electrocautery versus human menopausal gonadotrophin in the management of infertility due to polycytic ovarian disease

Either of electrosurgical laparoscopic ovarian drilling [LOD]or gonadotropin [hMG] therapy is the second choice for induction of ovulation in clomiphene citrate resistance patients with polycystic ovarian disease, this study aim to compare both modalities [LOD and hMG]. Comparative study Bab El-Sharia University Hospital. Seventy five patients with anovulatory infertility due to PCOD were recruited from infertility clinic, the patients subdivided into two groups : first group [40 patients] treated with hMG, and second group [35 patients] subjected to LOD. The results of menstrual pattern, hormonal response, ovulation pattern and occurrence of pregnancy were compared between both modalities of treatment. Improved menstrual pattern 90% versus 70%, ovulation rate 79% versus 75%, pregnancy rate 40% versus 32.5% in LOD and hMG treated groups respectively. The rate of twin pregnancy was 7% in LOD treated group versus 23% in hMG treated group. No abortion occurred with LOD compared with 23% abortion rate in hMG treated group. The outcome of pregnancies in LOD was 100% healthy live birth compared with 76.9% in hMG treated group. NO hyperstimulation associated with LOD. The results with LOD are some what superior to the results with hMG

Ramadan fasting: relation to atherogenic risk among obese muslims

Increased platelet aggregation as well as changes in coagulation factors have an important effect on the occurrence of atherogenicity and cardiovascular diseases. Fasting in general has been used in medicine for medical purposes when other measures fail. Since Ramadan fasting is different from total fasting, the present work was conducted to study the effect of Ramadan fasting on lipid pattern, some blood coagulation parameters, blood pressure and body mass index [BMI] - as atherosclerotic risk factors - in one hundred and three apparently healthy obese volunteers [15 men and 88 women] aged 15-52 years. The study comprised an initial visit for assessment V1 [before Ramadan] and three other follow up visits: V2 [at the end of Ramadan], V3 [4 weeks after Ramadan] and V4 [8 weeks after Ramadan], Targets were subjected to an interview questionnaire, complete physical and clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, dietary profile, and laboratory assay of complete blood picture [CBC], fasting serum glucose level [FSG], serum lipid pattern: total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], high density lipoproteins [HDL-c] and low density lipoprotein [LDL-c], lipoprotein a Lp [a], apolipoprotein A1 [APA], and apolipoprotein B [APB] levels; bleeding [BT] and clotting time [CT], prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT], fibrinogen and plasma factor VII activity. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi squared, Fisher exact, Student t test, paired t test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05. The study showed that by the end of Ramadan fasting, there was a significant improvement in the mean levels of hemoglobin [Hb], TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, Lp [a], APA, APB, PT and systolic [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] that persisted for four weeks after fasting [P<0.05]. Ramadan fasting has not adversely affected leucocytic count or coagulation parameters [P>0.05]. There was also a significant association between dietary intake, SBP, DBP, weight, BMI, percent body fat and waist, fibrinogen and factor VII activity and TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL/HDL, Lp [a] and APB [P<0.05]. The model of Ramadan fasting could be followed as a behavior modification program to control or prevent atherogenicity because of its positive impact on the lipid pattern, blood count and coagulation parameters

dynamic link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc status in sickle cell anemia

This study was carried on 30 patients, with sickle cell anemia to evaluate the role of zinc status in relation to cell mediated immunity in terms of T lymphocytes and its subjects, CD4, CD8 and IL-2. Serum zinc level was significantly low in children with sickle cell anemia than in the control group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell [PBMC] zinc level showed significant decrease in the studied cases than the control group. T-lymphocytes showed significant decrease in count of CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio, but nonsignificant decrease in CD8, low in children with sickle cell anemia compared to control group. IL-2, showed significant decrease in patients with sickle cell anemia when compared with control group. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that zinc deficiency is evident among patients with sickle cell anemia and it has significant impact on the immune system integrity and could greatly alter host defense systems leading to increase in opportunistic infections and mortality rates that observed in these children

Usefulness of bronchoscopy in children

Seventy-three fiberoptic bronchoscopes, using flexible bronchoscope under general anesthesia, were carried out. Bronchoscopic diagnosis was established in 63 cases, while in the remaining 10 cases, the airways appeared normal. Its efficacy, as a diagnostic tool, was 100% in cases presented with stridor and in cases of suspected foreign body aspiration. As a therapeutic tool, the rigid bronchoscope [Doesel- Huzly] was used to remove foreign bodies from the airways of children successfully, but the flexible type failed to inflate the collapsed lung segments not due to foreign body inhalation. Minimal and trivial complications had occurred during and after bronchoscopy. The high diagnostic and therapeutic benefits, with low rate of complications, strongly support the use of bronchoscopes in children and infants who have a variety of pulmonary problems

Laryngeal mask airway as an alternative to face mask during paediatric fiberoptic bronchoscopy

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the laryngeal mask airway [LMA] as an alternative to face mask [FM] during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients. Fifty pediatric patients scheduled for fiberoptic bronchoscopy [FOB] were divided into two groups: Group 1 using LMA and group 2 using face mask for the insertion of fiberoptic bronchoscope through the bronchoscope T-tube adaptor. All patients were pre-medicated and received general anesthesia. It was found that heart rate [HR] was increased and oxygen saturation was decreased during FOB insertion. The insertion time, number of trials and the need for muscle relaxants were higher in face mask group than in LMA group. The incidence of complications as hypoxia, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, coughing was insignificantly higher in FM group

Immunohistochemical study of transforming growth factor - beta in psoriasis: correlation with disease severity

This study examined the expression of transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-beta] in psoriatic as well as normal skin to elucidate its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and to find out the relation between disease severity and its local expression in the skin. When compared with normal skin, TGF-beta expression was absent or diminished in the epidermis of psoriatic lesions which was more evident in the lower epidermis. Both normal and psoriatic specimens showed minimally detectable TGF-beta in the dermis. A statistically significant correlation was found between TGF-beta expression in the epidermis and disease severity [PASI score]. The result suggested that the lack or diminished TGF-beta-mediated growth inhibition may play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis