[Chemical eye burns]

Chemical injuries of the cornea are ophthalmic emergencies. These injuries often result in significant ocular morbidity and generally strike young adults in the prime years of life. Classification schemes enable the ophthalmologist to determine the severity of injury and the prognosis for the injured eye. Immediate management consists of copious irrigation following exposure. Effective management in the intermediate and late phases requires an understanding of the cellular events that occur during each phase. Appropriate medical and surgical care helps ensure the best outcomes for these potentially blinding injuries. With appropriate management, it is possible to restore vision to all but the most severely burned eyes. While our current understanding of these injuries allows us to save many of these eyes, more work is needed to improve the prognosis of grade IV injuries. Ongoing animal and human research is investigating the use of novel topical agents to reduce angiogenesis, inhibit inflammation, promote repair, and reduce the risk of corneal melting. Efforts at preventing ocular chemical burns are equally important and deserve emphasis

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on reduction of chronic tension headache

The International Headache Society [HIS] has defined chronic tension type headache in adult patients as attacks of headache that occurs at least 15 days per month over a period of at least 6 months. Drugs do not adequately benefit many headache sufferers. The aim of present research was to examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for reduction of headaches in patients with chronic tension headaches. The target population of this clinical trial study was consisted of 38 women with chronic tension type headache who were referred to psychiatry or neurology clinics in Kashan city. Patients were randomly selected and were divided into case [drug plus cognitive behavioral therapy, n=18] and control [drug alone, n=20] groups. Subjects were asked to complete the headache diary for one week before and after intervention. The collected data was analyzed with analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] by SPSS. An analysis of covariance showed significant differences between experimental and control groups in the frequency [P<0.01], intensity [P<0.05] and duration [P<0.001] of headache attacks. Drug therapy plus cognitive-behavioral therapy was found to be more effective in reducing of headache than the drug therapy alone. Therefore; it is highly recommended that cognitive-behavioral therapy be added to drug therapy in treatment protocol of patients with chronic tension type headache

[ effect of chronic stress in pregnant mothers on the responsiveness to morphine in mice: a behavioral sensitization study]

The mechanisms which are plots for individual's willing to use Morphine are not yet recognized. Carried out researches indicated that tendency to narcotics is increased during stress or after it. In this research we studied the desire change of the second generation to morphine using induced restraint stress which is a kind of behavioral sensitization. This research was a kind of experimental interferer. At first mice were crossed after insuring about their pregnancy, Sub stress was put on them using special instruments. Some of the embryos head was cut to be studied histologically. After maturing their embryos in order to clarify their left and right handedness to be studied using T-Maze and they were compared with the control group. In order to find the effectiveness of the administrated acute morphine, five groups of stressed and non-stressed were chosen Both groups were divided into five: a control [without being injected], saline, Morphine 1 mg/kg, morphine 10 mg/kg and morphine 50 mg/kg. They were studied. Movement measuring done after being injected by open filled. Mentioned groups in the previous experiment, In order to determine their previous induced sensitization, were reexamined 48 hours after being injected 1 mg/kg morphine. Findings showed that the tissue thickness on the frontal cortex in stressed group was less than the control group [p<0.01] And also the number of stressed right handedness in males was less, but the number of left handedness in female ones was higher. Injection low dose morphine in experimental group had no effect, but in high dose caused induced motion activations. But this motion activity was much less than the control group. The low dose morphine injection [1 mg/Kg] in stressed groups caused induced motion activities which this action in dose 50 mg/kg was significant statistically [P<0/01]. Results showed that inducing a psychological relatively slight stress [a short-term restrain] could cause major changes, firstly in embryos brain and secondly in right handedness and left handedness and thirdly a response to morphine

[Visual outcomes and complications of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation]

To evaluate the prevalence of concomitant systemic and ocular diseases in patients scheduled for phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation [PE+PC IOL] and post surgical visual outcomes and complications in 1253 cases. Medical records of all patients of a private clinic who underwent PE+PC IOL from 1999 to 2003 were reviewed. All operations were performed by as single surgeon [MAJ]. Among 1253 operated eyes, 95.9% had senile cataracts. Mean age was 61 years and mean follow up was 10 +/- 12.5 months. Incidence of systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus [DM], ischemic heart disease, pseudoexfoliation syndrome [PXF], and glaucoma were 16%, 11.5%, 7.7%, 3.1%, and 2.7%, respectively. After the operation 71.9% and 90.4% of the eyes gained UCVA and BCVA of 20/40 or better, respectively. The most important intraoperative and postoperative complications were sterile uveitis [4.8%], vitreous loss [0.23%], endophthalmitis, CME, RD and, corneal decompensation each in one eye [0.08%]. Significant posterior capsule opacity requiring Nd: YAG capsulotomy occurred in 5.8% of the eyes. PE+PC IOL is a safe and effective procedure in patients with cataract. Systemic hypertension and DM are important concomitant systemic disorders in this group of patients