Epidemiologic study of poisonings in patients reffering to emergency ward of Shahid Mohammadi university hospital in Bandar Abbas

Poisoning is a major health problem worldwide and one of the most common reasons for visiting emergency departments [EDs]. The object of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics of poisoned patients referred to emergency department of Bandar Abbas Shahid-Mohammadi hospital in 2011-2012. In a cross-sectional study between March 2011 and February 2012 all the paitents admitted through ED for further evaluation and treatment were investigated. Data were gathered from direct interviewing and patient's medical files by using a checklist and analyzed by SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistical tests, Chi-Square and t-test. Poisonings comprised 3.6% of emergency department patients. During the study period, 493 patients with drug or chemical exposure were admitted. Of them, 52.1% were male and 47.9% were female. 75.7% were between the ages of 14-29 years. Benzodiazepines [23.1%] followed by Tramadol [20.1%] were the most common cause of poisonings. Intentional poisonings constituted the majority of cases [67%]. The mean age of suicidal cases was lower [23.3 vs 30.3]. The majority of patients were single [52.9%], unemployed [58.4%] and living in urban centers [75.3%]. 26% of patients had a diagnosed psychiatric disease, 13% had previous suicidal self-poisoning and 32.3% were addicted. 2.2% of patients were died during hospital stay. In this study, poisonings most commonly occur as intentional and mostly by pharmaceutical agents. The prevalence was higher in younger individuals than other groups. According to these findings, the authorities have to prevent its further occurance by screening of psychiatric diseases in poisoning cases and early treatment of them, as well as limiting easy availability of drugs

[Histological effects of GnRH agonist on epididymal tissues in prepubertal rat]

The epididymis is a tubule that processes the maturation, storage, and transfer of sperm. Growth and maintenance of epididymal structures depend on testosterone release, which is directly controlled by pituitary gonadotropins. Furthermore, gonadotropins are controlled by hypothalamic releasing hormones. Using gonadotropin releasing hormone [GnRH] analogs can stop the pituitary-gonadal axis. This study aimed at determining the effect of a GnRH agonist [buserelin] on prepubertal rat epididymal tissue. In this experimental, 20 rats on the 25[th] day after birth, provided by the Department animal house, were divided into 4 groups. The first and second study groups received 0.1 mg/kg GnRH agonist for 5 days and were dissected on the 30th and 35[th] day after birth, respectively. Animals in the control group received physiologic serum 0.1 mg/ml for 5 days and were dissected like the study groups. Measurements were performed using a calibrated microscope. The findings reveal a significant increase in epithelial height and lumen diameter in the first and second study groups as compared with the first control group [p

[ identification of related risk factors of thyroid disorder in an Iranian pregnant population]

The study aimed at determining the prevalence of thyroid disorders among a pregnant population and identifying the related risk factors of thyroid dysfunction in these subjects. Between February and July 2008, a nested case-control study was conducted on 608 pregnant women in Bandar Abbas, Iran. We obtained information about thyroid dysfunction in the subject and their family, diabetes mellitus type 1, prior gestational diabetes, hepatitis B and rubella vaccination, any previous miscarriages and fifteen symptoms of hypothyroidism. T4, T3, T3RU, FTI, TPO Abs were measured and thyroid examinations were carried out. Multiple logistic regression tests were used to estimate relative risk of thyroid dysfunction for the variables. The rate of hypothyroidism was compared in groups with significant related risk factors at high or lower risk. Of the 608 pregnant women, 519[85.4%] were euthyroid, 72[11.8%] had sub clinical hypothyroidism, 3[0.5%] overt hypothyroidism and 14[2.3%] were hyperthyroid. There were strong correlations between personal history of thyroid dysfunction [OR:5.23%95CI:2.11-12.95 P:0.00], TPO Abs[OR:2.81 CI%95:1.83-4.32 P:0.00], 3 symptoms or more of hypothyroidism [OR:2.50 CI%95:1.48-4.22 P:0.001], goiter [OR:2.24 CI%95: 1.32-3.80 P:0.002], being in the 20-30 year age range [OR:1.87%95CI:1.004-3.51 P:0.04] and being hypothyroid in pregnancy, respectively, but not with other risk factors, especially family history of thyroid disorder. This study showed thyroid disorders are common among pregnant population and are correlated with personal history of thyroid disorder, TPO Abs, 3 symptoms or more of hypothyroidism, goiter and age range between 20 to 30 years old, all risk factors which should be considered at screening, in clinical practice

results of six months follow up in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis

There is no definite treatment for subclinical hyperthyroidism which is defined as suppressed TSH and normal T3 and T4 levels. In this study, patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism were followed for 6 months without any medical treatment. A total number of 285 patients of individuals who participated in Tehran glucose and lipid study and had TSH

Lipid oxidation, antioxidants and paraoxonase enzyme activity in patients with subclinical thyrotoxicosis

Subclinical hyperthyroidism is defined by the suppressed level of TSH and normal values of T4 and T3. The effect of this status on lipid metabolism is not well recognized this study was done to address this issue. In this case-control study, 41 patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism and 36 euthyroid subjects were recruited. Subclinical hyperthyroidism was difined as TSH < 0. 3 and normal T3 and T4 values, and confirmed with the TRH test. Questionnaires for clinical data and drug history were completed for all patients and blood samples were obtained for laboratory tests. In this study the markers of lipid oxidation, antioxidants, paraoxonase enzyme activity, serum lipid levels, vit A, E and B-carotene were measured and the parameters were analysed using the appropriate statistical methods. There were no significant changes between the two groups regarding age [46 +/- 13 vs 47 +/- 13, years old], sex [30/11 vs 14/12 male/female], weight [79 +/- 14 vs 77 +/- 13 kg], body mass index and hypertension. Significantly lower serum TSH [0.16 +/- 0.1 vs 1.1 +/- 1.0, mIU/L p < 0. 001] was found in the subclinically hyperthyroid group. Significantly lower level of paraoxonase enzyme activity, vit A, B caroten, oxidized LDL-C, TAC, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and Pon/LDL ratio were found in patients with subclincal hyperthyroidsim as compared with the control group. Significant differences in lipid levels and lipid oxidation and antioxidants seen in these patients show a change in the basal methobolism of this group

Impact Of hemodialysis on serum paraoxonase activity and total antioxidant capacity in patients with end -stage renal disease

Paraoxonase [PON] is an esterase with antioxidant effects, which is in close association with High Density Lipid-C, [HDL-C]. Investigators have shown that the reduction of PON in patients with end-stage renal disease [ESRD] predisposes them to premature atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. The present study was conducted to determine the impact of hemodialysis on the activity of PON in ESRD patients. Ninety-two patients with ESRD were enrolled from the hemodialysis centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Subjects with history of thyroid disorder, cerebro-vascular accidents and coronary artery disease were excluded. A questionnaire including demographic data and hemodialysis criteria was completed for each subject. One venous blood sample was obtained in fasting state prior to the hemodialysis, and another just after the procedure. Laboratory tests were performed in the laboratory of Endocrine Research Center. The study population included 46 diabetics, and 46 non-diabetic subjects with the mean age 61.5 +/- 9.5 years, [51 males and 41 females]. The activity of PON was significantly higher after the procedure than before it, [63 +/- 45 vs. 55 +/- 40 IU/ml, p < 0.05]. Total antioxidant capacity decreased significantly following hemodialysis but it did not differ between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. PON activity directly correlated with the quality of hemodialysis.Following hemodialysis, there is increment in PON activity; meanwhile, better hemodialysis quality is associated with better enzyme activity