[Relationship between social participation and cancer among patients in cancer Institute of Tehran]

Introduction: Social factors have highly related with occurrence of diseases. In order to decrease health problems in societies, medicine should be equipped with socio-biological perspective toward health and disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between social participation with stomach, breast and lymphoma cancers

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 85 patients with stomach, breast and lymphoma cancers, older than 14 years, were recruited using classified probability sampling. Another 85 individuals were selected as control group. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using discriminate analysis, canonical correlation, and logistic regression

Results: The results indicated that there was an average association between the set of social participation components with stomach, breast and lymphoma cancers. The social participation component had also significant relationships with the diseases. The component of willingness for gaining interests for the group had significant relationships with the studied diseases [OR=1.602, P<0.05]. Also, the component of willingness into participation had significant relationship with breast cancer [OR=1.597, P<0.01]

Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, social participation was a social determinant of affection by stomach, breast and lymphoma cancers. It is necessary to pay attention to social participation

Determination of organophosphorus insecticide residues in the rice paddies

In most rice paddies in Mazandaran Province, diazinon is applied to control Chilo suppressalis. Due to the extensive application of insecticides in the rice paddies of the Caspian coasts of Iran, this investigation was carried out on the rice fields in order to obtain the necessary data and information on the concentration of insecticide residues. A total of 125 samples were taken from five areas of Amol township in 2007. Then, according to the analysis of variance procedures, the water samples were statistically analyzed after the spraying of diazinon. Results indicate that the insecticide was used frequently to control stem boring caterpillar of rice. The residuals of this toxic chemical were observed in the majority of stations from the day after the spraying until one to two months later. The greatest level of diazinon was observed in station 1 in amount of 1.14 ppm. This study revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the studied diazinon such as fumigation characteristic as well as the ecological conditions and soil type influence the reduction and eventual removal of the insecticides during the cultivation and harvest periods

Making sense of grounded theory approach: implications for medial education research

This article first gives a definition of grounded theory and its development and use in medicine and medical education. The fundamental differences of grounded theory with quantitative methods are discussed along a full discussion of the steps required to use a grounded theory approach. At the end the questions in the area of medical education which can best addressed with this approach are provided