Antimicrobial activity of Zatacin against bacterial diarrheal pathogens

Background: calf diarrhea is an important disease that is caused by different pathogens including bacteria, virus and parasites and is associated with economic losses

Objectives: in this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activities of Zatacin [Z. multiflora aerial part ethanol extract], colistin, co-Trimoxazole and enrofloxacin against clinical isolates of Salmonella sp, E. coli and Campylobacter sp isolated from diarrheic calves

Methods: disc diffusion method and microbroth dilution assay were used for antimicrobial evaluation

Results: in disc diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of Zatacin increased dose dependently. The sensitivity of different isolates of E. coli, Salmonella sp and Campylobacter sp to Zatacin was almost the same. The antibacterial activity of Zatacin was lower than that of enrofloxacin but it was higher than co-Trimoxazole and colistin. The means of MIC values of Zatacin for E.coli were higher than that of Campylobacter sp and Salmonella sp but its means of MBC values for E. coli were lower than that of two other bacteria

Conclusions: Zatacin can be used as an antimicrobial agent in treatment of infectious causes of calf scours instead of antibiotics with undesired adverse effects on animal and humans

[Survey of blood selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in grazing ewes]

This study was conducted to determining the GPX, Hemoglobin concentration [Hb] and hematocrite percentage [Hct] in blood samples of young ewes were gathered at different places of Zagheh Salman pastures in Qom province. 15 blood samples were gathered through 8 flocks during autumn, winter and spring seasons randomly. At first the measures of GPX, Hb and Hct were determined and then GPX concentration in the basis of unit per gram of hemoglobin and unit per milliliter of hematocrite were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results showed that the ratios of GPX to hemoglobin concentration [GPX/Hb] and hematocrite percentage [GPX/Hct] were higher than their marginal levels significantly.There were significant differences between three seasons for hematocrite percentage and the ratios of GPX to hemoglobin [GPX/Hb] and hematocrite [GPX/Hct].The mean of hematocrite percentage had a maximum level in spring and minimum in winter. The ratios of GPX to hemoglobin and hematocrite had a maximum level in autumn and minimum in spring. The results of this research indicate that, despite of differences between flock and seasons all of flock had higher amounts of mentioned blood factors than their marginal levels and they had no deficiency aspects for these blood factors

[Effects of leaf and plant extract of Artemisia annua on coccidiosis in broiler chicken]

To study anticoccidial effects of leaf and plant extract of Artemisia annua on coccidiosis in broiler chicken compare to salinomycin and amprolium. Experimental study. One hundred and ninety two Hubbard roosters. One hundred and ninety two 21 days old roosters were categorized into 6 drug groups as follows: Amprolum [120ppm, n=8], salinomycin [60 ppm, n=8] leaf powder [2.5%, n=8], ether petroleum extract [1950ppm, n=8], fraction with maximum artemisinin [142ppm, n=8] and control [n=8]. Drug classes include 1- Amprolum [120 ppm], 3- leaves 2.5%, 4-either petroleum extract [1950 ppm, n=8], 5-fraction with maximum of artemisinin [142 ppm, n=8]. In each class there was 4 different subclasses: Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima, eimeria accervolina and uninfected ones. After infection, lesion scores, body weight gains and oocyst extractions were investigated at the first week. Analysis was done with MSTATC software. Significant difference among means were determined by Duncan's multiple range tests. In all experimental groups drugs significantly reduced the number of oocysts per chicken fece per day. Moreover, treated groups showed similar weight gain which was significantly higher than the untreated ones [P<0.05]. The data of body weight gain, lesion scores and oocyst extraction indicated that either petroleum extract of Artemisia annua or fraction with maximum artemisinin were the most effective. Of course, the extract is cost benefit compare to fraction

Evaluation of antimicrobial effects of 4 medicinal plants against salmonella typhymurium and comparision them with common antibiotics in veterinary medicine

Thyme [Zataria multiflora Bois.] Penny voyel [Mentha pulegium L.] Origanum [Origanum vulgare L.] and Fennel [Foeniculum vulgare Miller] are the Iranian traditional spice which are widely used in the country. Following the recent efforts to look for healthy remedies with antimicrobial potential, the effects of essential oils of these medicinal plants were investigated on Salmonella typhimurum. Chemical composition and antimicrobial effects of essential oils from plants were evaluated on Salmonella typhimurum and compared with five antibiotics enrofloxacin, chloramphenicle, erythromycin, oxytetracyclin and flumequin. The essential oils of the leavs and stems are obtained from each plants by hydrodistillation and clevenger and analyzed by GC/MS. The results of this study show that Thyme oil, compared to flumequin, oxytetracyclin and erythromycin is more effective [P<0.5]. Essential oil of Penny voyel is more effective than oxytetracyclin and erythromycin. Among essential oil of plants, Thymol oil with minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] 156.5 micro g/ml and minimal bactericidal concentration [MBC] 312.5 micro g/ml had the best result against Salmonella typhimurum. Chemicial compounds: Thymol, Carvacrol and alpha -terpinen were found in Z. multiflora, M. pulegium, O. vulgar and F. vulgare by GC analyse. Considering the significant antibacterial effect of essential oil of Z. multiflora on effect on Salmonella typhimurum in invitro, it is recommened that, the therapeutic effect of this essential oil be studied in invivo

[ case report of poisoning with common mallow [malva neglecta wallr] in a milking cow]

Case report of poisoning with Malva neglectain milking cow.Case- Report.Milking cow.Observation of clinical sings for diagnosis ofhypocalcemia and improve diagnosiswith reply totreatment procedure.Feeding a large amount ofcommon mallowcaused poisoning and hypocalcemia in cow and thetreatmentbyintravenousinfusionofcalciumborogluconate.Feeding milking cow with a largeamount Common mallow should be avoided.?Treatmentby interavenous infusion of calcium brogluconat can beindicated