[Incidence of relapse in orthodontics treatments and related factors]

In regard to the prevalence of orthodontic treatments, the importance of relapse and complications followed by relapse are overlooked. This is further impacted by information gaps in Iranian Dental Journals and deficiencies in previous studies. In this study we have assessed the outcome of orthodontic treatment, relapse and related factors in patients in the Private orthodontic clinic in Tehran in 2009.This study was performed using a cross sectional technique. The samples consisted of all patients with various kinds of malocclusions and the presence of pretreatment, post treatment dental casts with at least 4 years post treatment. In these patients, we also prepared post retention dental casts. The indexes, including irregularity index, arch length, inter canine width, inter premolar width, and inter molar width in both upper and lower jaws were evaluated. The change in each index out of normal range indicated relapse. The role of related factors such as sex, patient's age at the beginning of the treatment, type of treatment, duration of the treatment, the length of retention, the type of malocclusion, and family history were analyzed using Chi Square test. This study was performed on 52 cases [26%] out of 200 cases which had complete records and positive response to recall. During the study period at least 500 patients were treated. The result of relapse was 61.5% without considering the irregularity index [42.3%]. The most important relapse index was maxillary irregularity index [37%], followed by the mandibular irregularity index [17%] and, the least significant index was mandibular arch length [2%]. Relapse was increased in patients with less than 24 months of treatment. [P<0.0001] Relapse was high regardless of irregularity index. Considering its complications, we suggest further studies to elucidate its etiology. This should be followed by preventive measures to decrease the rate of relapse

[Antifertility activity evaluation of two derivatives of dihydropyridine compounds on male rats]

The male antifertility activity of Gossypol, the active ingredient of cotton seed, inspired the idea for development of an agent with male contraceptive activity. The result of subsequent studies lead to the discovery of several class of compounds with antifertility activity. In this study the antifertility activity of iso-Propyl and iso-Butyl derivatives of dihydropridine were evaluated. The two aforementioned compounds were administered subcutaneously in [10 mg/kg/day] dose to male rats. The animals were treated and kept according to the TUMS committee recommendations on ethical and animal maintenance considerations. Sixty days after the first injection the following fertility and histological indices were evaluated, animal's body weight difference [B.W.D], sperms motility, sperm viability, ESR [epididymal sperm reserve], DSP [daily sperm production], serum testosterone concentration, fertility index, GSI [gonado somatic index]. Histological indices are respectively the area and circumference of seminiferous tubules, each testis and their crosswise dissections, the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of seminiferous tubules per square millimeter, that were determined. The values of the two test groups were determined and compared with the results of normal group that were using normal saline only and the blank that were receiving propyllenglycol only. The significant inhibitive activity of candidate compounds on animal's physiologic indices were in accordance of our pervious estimation of compounds activity as [lead compound] for synthesis and preparation of new compounds with male contraceptive activity

Evaluation of antifertility effect of the seed oil constituents of Iranian species of melia azadarach L. in male rats

Convenient and effective contraceptive methods have been the subject of extensive and versatile research project, during the past 50 years. In this respect, the use of active herbal constituents is one of the topics of research and investigation. In this study the antifertility activity of seed oil extract of Iranian species of Melia azadarach L. in northern district of country, on male rats, during 2 consecutive steps have been evaluated. The seed oil extract have been prepared according to conventional methods, and were administered orally in 50 and 100 mg/kg daily doses for 60 days. In the first step, the inhibition of fertility indices were assessed with the help of, sperm viability, sperm motility, ESR [Epididymal sperm reserves], DSP [Daily sperm production], GSI [Gonado stomatic index], fertility indices, and serum testosterone content. In the subsequent stage, 3 months after the 60[th] day of compounds administration, the reversibility of the a formentioned indices are determined again. In the first step, a significant reduction in fertility indices to control especially in higher dose were observed. During the next stage, the significant increase in fertility indices are the indication of reasonable recovery and reversibility of extract activity. In summery, the result of this study of this study showed that its activity is reversible

Synthesis and evaluation of new derivatives of 2,4 diaminopyrimidines with male contraceptive activity

The discovery of the antifertility activity of gossypol led scientists and researchers to the development of compounds with antifertility activity that can be used as male contraceptives. These studies resulted in discovery of the antifertility activity of several classes of compounds which have been reported in the literature. This article deals with the synthesis of four new analogues of pyrimethamine, the derivatives of 2, 4-diamino-5 [3,4-dichlorophenyl]-6-alkyloxymethyl pyrimidine [methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl], and the results of experimental antifertility evaluation of these compounds on male rats, which revealed a significant decrease in motility, viability, ESR and DSP indices in treated animals