[Assessment of affecting factors on women's sexual quality of life among hospital employees]

Background and Objective: Changing of lifestyle in women and increasing their social activity especially in working places can affect women's sexual quality of life [SQOL]. This study was done to determine the affecting factors on sexual quality of life among hospital employee's women

Methods: This descriptive - analytical study was carried out on 121 women who work in the two hospitals in Sabzevar city and Birjand city in Iran during 2014. Data was collected using two questionnaires including the Iranian version of sexual quality of life-female [SQOL-F] questionnaire and a researcher-made measure to assess demographic characteristics, health related, and work-related variables

Results: The mean +/- SD score of SQOL-F was 80.1 +/- 19.7. The univariate analysis showed that the mean score of SQOL-F significantly related with age [P<0.05], duration of sleep [P<0.05], marital duration [P<0.05], educational level [P<0.05], and physical activity [P<0.05]. The regression modeling indicated that educational level [beta=0.33], marital duration [beta=0.32] and quality of sleep [beta=0.56] were predictors of SQOL-F scores

Conclusion: This study showed that educational level, marital duration and quality of sleep were predictors of SQOL-F scores among hospital employee's women

Effect of low level laser therapy with the application of DFDBA in rabbits

Low Level Laser Therapy is used in many aspects in medicine and dentistry, such as treatment of bone lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of low level laser [GaAlAs] combined with the application of DFDBA in bone healing of rabbit tibia. The experimental study was done on 12 male albino rabbits with an approximate weight of 1.5 kg and about 6 months of age. In order to perform the surgery, animals were anesthetized with intravenous injection of Ketamin 10% and Xylazine 2%. An artificial lesion was created using implant drills [height of 4 mm and diameter of 2.8 mm] in tibia bone and was filled with DFDBA. Then, the lesions were irradiated using laser with distinct protocol [10 days irradiation, 14 days rest, 10 days irradiation, 14 days rest]. Type of the laser was GaAlAr with wavelength of 808 nm, energy of 6 J/cm[2] and in continuous mode. No irradiation was done in the control group. After 48 days, the animals were sacrificed and sections from tibia was made and the specimens were underwent histological assessments. Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed for evaluating the data. In histological assessment, laser group showed significantly more osteogenesis and angiogenesis [P<0.05]. The findings of the present study show that GaAlAs irradiation together with the application of DFDBA led to improved healing, more angiogenesis, and osteogenesis in bone lesions of rabbit

Subcutaneous nephrovesical bypass in kidney transplanted patients

Renal transplant ureteral stricture or obstruction is a rare but devastating complication after renal transplantation. To determine the efficacy and complications of subcutaneous prosthetic ureters as a salvage procedure in transplanted kidneys with recurrent ureteral obstruction. 5 subcutaneous prosthetic ureters were inserted in 5 kidney recipients who had recurrent ureteral stenosis and failed endoscopic and open reconstructive surgeries. The prosthetic ureter consisted of an internal silicone tube covered by a coiled PTFE tube. The proximal end of the tube was passed through a subcutaneous tunnel, and the distal end was inserted in the bladder through a small suprapubic incision. The mean follow-up of patients was 11.3 months. One of the patients re-operated two days after the procedure because of urinary leakage from the distal end of the prosthetic ureter. No infection or tube encrustation was encountered. Subcutaneous prosthetic ureter is a safe alternative for permanent percutaneous nephrostomy in transplanted kidneys with obstructed ureter and failed endoscopic and open procedures

role of urine polymerase chain reaction test in diagnosis of genitourinary tuberculosis

The genitourinary system is one of he most common sites of infection in non-pulmonary tuberculosis [TB]. The clinical symptoms and radiologic findings of urinary TB are nonspecific. Current diagnostic tests are of low sensitivity and labor-intensive. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate diagnostic value of urine PCR in genitourinary tuberculosis [GNTB]. This was a descriptive study on 33 patients with confirmed genitourinary TB. Demographic data, clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiologic findings were collected. For each patient, three consecutive early morning urine specimens were examined by PCR. The diagnostic value of PCR in mycobacterium tuberculosis [MTB] in comparison with standard microbiological methods was assessed.There were 33 patients with a mean age of 47.27 16.1 years. The most common presenting symptoms were irritative voiding symptoms [51.5%], flanks pain [27.2%], gross hematuria [9%] and suprapubic pain [9%]. Laboratory findings in U/A were hematuria [75.8%] and pyuria [60.6%]. IVU was abnormal in 61.5% of patients. Most common abnormalities were pyelocalyceal dilation [44%], ureteral stricture and hydroureter [37%] and multiple small calyceal deformities [25%]. Of the 33 patients PCR for MTB was positive in 16 cases [48.5%]. In patients with abnormal IVU, PCR was positive in 62.5%. A high index of clinical suspicion is necessary for diagnosis of GUTB. PCR is recommended for instant diagnosis and screening before further examination, it cannot be the only method in identification of GUTB

study of the severity of some occupational stresses in nurses

Occupational stress is one of the most important occupational hazards in modern life which could lead to decrease in productivity, work absence, workforce transfer and high costs for the personnel. American National Association for Occupational Safety has placed nursing at the top of the list of the first forty high-stress jobs. There are various factors known as stressors in nursing. The current study was carried out to evaluate the severity of some of them. This is a descriptive, correlative study. 170 nurses in various wards of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hospitals who met the inclusion criteria took part in the study. The data was gathered using standardized Toft- Anderson questionnaire and then was analyzed using SPSS soft ware with Spearman correlation test, mean and frequency distribution. Findings demonstrate that most of the nurses [73.47%] experienced stress at the medium level. In addition, a positive statistical correlation was found between the overall and fractional stress scores. Conflicts with physicians have the greatest relationship with the overall severity of occupational stress in nurses. Among the demographic parameters, only marital status and work hours had significant statistical correlation with the severity of stress. [p< 0.001] Regarding the findings of the study, it is recommended to employ appropriate methods in preventing and handling occupational stresses at the personal and organizational level

effect of occupational therapy on negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Nowadays, schizophrenia is one of the most important disabling mental disorders in the world. Regarding to occupational therapy as one of the most essential treatment for this disorder, the main aim of this study is to determine the effect of it on negative symptoms of schizophrenias patients. This study is a clinical trials research and the samples were 84 schizophrenia patients of psychiatric ward of Farabi hospital in Isfahan. Sampling method was convenient and the samples were divided in to two interventional and control group randomly. The data collecting tool was scale for assessment of negative symptoms [SANS] and analyzing was performed by T-test, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney test. Findings showed that occupational therapy activities decrease the mean of significant differences of negative symptoms of schizophrenia such as flat affect, mutism, apathy, dissocial, loss of attention and the mean of significant difference in two groups, revealed a significant statistics difference in both at the beginning and the end of this study. Because occupational therapy and its related activities has an effective role on the symptoms of schizophrenia patients, rehabilitation is suggested in different field of treatment so that patients can get appropriate self respect and as well as a good level of social interactions.

Determining TG-43 brachytherapy dosimetry parameters and dose distribution for a [131]Cs source model CS-1

Monte Carlo determination of TG-43 brachytherapy dosimetry parameters and dose distribution calculation for [131]Cs source model CS-1 are presented in this study. The dose distribution was calculated around the [131]Cs Model CS-1 located in the center of 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm water, and soft tissue phantoms cube using MCNP code by Monte Carlo method. The percentage depth dose [PDD] variation along the different axis, parallel and perpendicular, the source was calculated. Then, the isodose curves for 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% PDD were constructed. Finally, F[r, theta] and g[r] dosimetry parameters of TG-43 protocol have been determined. Results obtained show that the Monte Carlo method could only calculate dose deposition in high gradient region, near the source, accurately. The energy cut off was found to be 1 eV and the error in the calculations was less than 2%. The isodose curves of the CS-1 [131]Cs source were constructed from dose calculation by MCNP code. The calculated dosimetry parameters for the source were in agreement with previously published results

incidence of diverticula of urinary bladder in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and the comparison between cystoscopy and cystography in detecting bladder diverticula

The majorities of bladder diverticula are acquired and are secondary to either bladder outlet obstruction or the upper motor type of neurogenic bladder. This study was undertaken to increase awareness and understanding the putative role of BPH [Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia] in the development of bladder diverticula and to compare cystoscopy and cystography in detecting bladder diverticula. During a 4-month period, 106 patients with BPH, who were admitted in the hospital for surgery, were examined by cystoscopy to detect bladder diverticula. Thirty-one patients were selected randomly and underwent cystography. In this study, the rate of bladder diverticula in patients with BPH was 27.4% by cystoscopy while by cystography, it was 48%.There was a slight increase of bladder diverticula with increasing age. This research also depicted that the detection rate of diverticula cystography in of urinary bladder was much greater than that of cystoscopy. This study shows that the prevalence of bladder diverticula is considerably high. The detection rate of cystography in diverticula of urinary bladder was much greater than that of cystoscopy. Considering this high prevalence and potential complications, we suggest cystography for the early diagnosis and possible treatment of bladder diverticula in older patients with lower urinary tract symptoms

Risk factors and laboratory diagnostics for post renal transplant tuberculosis: a case-controlled, country-wide study on definitive cases

Tuberculosis [TB] is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. It is usually misdiagnosed because of lack of medical awareness and its infrequency in renal transplant recipients. 44 cases [0.3%] with post-transplant TB out of 12820 patients who had renal transplants performed between 1984 to 2003 were found from the hospital records of 12 major kidney transplantation centers in Iran. These cases were compared with 184 healthy transplant subjects whose transplants were performed by the same surgical team as the controls. The mean age of cases and controls was 37.7 [13-63] and 35.6 [8-67] years [p=0.3], respectively. The mean duration of pre-transplantation hemodialysis was 30.3 [3-168] months in cases and 18.2[1-180] months in controls [p=0.03]. A past history of tuberculosis was detected in 2 cases and 1 control [p=0.3]. The mean doses of initial and maintenance immunosuppressive drugs in cases and controls were not significantly different. A total of 25 cases [56.8%] and 60[32.6%] controls had rejection prior to diagnosis of TB [p=0.004; OR=2.7, CI95%: 1. 3-5.6]. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated increasing risk of post-transplant TB by extending the duration of pre-transplant hemodialysis and the number of post-transplant rejection episodes. Further study is needed to clarify our new findings specifically in respect of different immunosuppressive regimens

Failure rate of no-sclpel vasectomy in prevention of pregnancy in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Bilateral vasectomy is the most effective method of male contraception but there are still some reports on its failure. This study was undertaken to determine the failure rate of the no-scalpel vasectomy in Shiraz Vasectomy Center, Southern Iran. From 2001 to 2003, 3900 no-scalpel vasectomies were done in Nader Kazemi Health Center. The records were studied for any failure in the method. Presence of any live sperm 6 months after surgery or any report of pregnancy post-vasectomy were considered as vasectomy failure. Among 3900 cases, 2928 patients had a complete follow up file while failure in the method was visible among 109 [3.72%] cases. The low failure rate of no-scalpel method indicated its high efficacy to control the fertility in males but there is still need of performance by expert surgeons in well organized centers

Investigation of some occupational stressors among nurses

Nowadays, occupational stress is one of the most important occupational risk factors that can cause a decrease in production and bring about work absence, human resources shift, job dissatisfaction and high health costs among the staff. American National Occupational Safety Association has reported nursing as the first among other 40 stressful occupations. There are numerous occupational stressors in nursing occupation. The present study has targeted at defining the severity of nursing stressors among nurses. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sampling was conducted as random stratified method on 170 nurses working in different wards of medical university hospitals, being well qualified to enter the study. Toft-Anderson questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed through SPSS regarding frequency distribution, mean and spearman coefficient test. The findings showed that most of the nurses [47-73%] experience moderate stress. In addition, there was a positive statistical association between the scores of each item with total occupational stress. The item of having interaction with physicians had the highest association with total nursing occupational stress. There was a significant association between demographic characteristics, marital status and working hours and occupational stressors [P<0.001]. Regarding the findings of the research, manipulating appropriate preventive methods in both sides of the staff and the organization is suggested to diminish nursing occupational stress

Nurse-elderly patients relationship experiences in hospital wards- a qualitative study

There is an increasing aging population in Iran. Most of nurses will be involved in caring for older people in the future. Over the past years, much has been written about the benefit of effective nurse patient relationship. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how nurses and older patient communicate together. Using phenomenological approach, the researcher drew participants from alzahra hospital in Isfahan. A purposive sample of 8 nurses and 4 geriatric patients were interviewed in-depth. Colaizzi, analysis method guided the essential activities of the researchers. The reliability and validity of the present study were grounded on the four items [factual value, applicability, consistency and neutrality] suggested by Guba and Lincoln. Three major themes were identified. These were: 1] task-oriented communication, 2] incomplete communication, 3] appropriate communication. Despite emphases on nurse-elderly patient communication as a basic element of nursing care for older patients, findings show that this condition continues to be poor. We can improve the relationship between nurses and elder patients through communication skills training and also increasing awareness of the nurses about aging phenomena

comparison study between theophylline and placebo in passage of ureteral stones

Considering the high prevalence of urinary system stones and that nonmedical treatments have more costs and side effects, we decided to evaluate the effect of theophylline in the passage of ureteral stones. One hundred and fifty patients with ureteral stones were assigned into groups A and B, whose age, sex, size of stone, and location of stone were matched together. Patients' ages ranged from 17 to 67 years. In group A theophylline [200 mg BID] was administered and group B received placebo for six weeks. Both groups were followed up by visits every fortnight and radiological assessment was performed at the end of the sixth week. The proportion of patients whose stones were passed was compared between the two groups. In group A with theophylline consumption 46 out of 75 [61.3%] passed their stones. The mean duration between the initiation of the treatment with theophylline and stone passage was18.3 days. In group B with placebo, the stone passage occurred in 31 out of 75 [41.3%] patients [p<0.032] and the mean duration was 24.8 days [p<0.05]. With regard to the findings of this study, it seems that theophylline can increase the rate of ureteral stone passage and as well, accelerate it

[Study on the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects of celecoxib among patients attended the polyclinic of national Iranian oil company [NIOC] medical and health organization in Shiraz]

Introduction and Objective: nonsteroidal anti - inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] that inhibit both cyclooxygenase-1[cox-1] and cyclooxygenase - 2 [cox-2] are widely used to treat pain and inflammation. However, their use is limited by gastrointestinal [GI] side effects. So, selective cox-2 inhibitors, such as celecoxib have been developed. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of GI side effects with celecoxib among two groups of patients [first without and second with a history of GI disease] at the polyclinic of NIOC Medical and Health Organization in Shiraz

Materials and Methods: 145 patients who celecoxib were prescribed for, were subject of our cohort study . Data were collected by the questionnaires which contained the information such as age, sex, history of GI diseases, etc. Further information such as GI side effects was added to the questionnaires after treatment. A total of 114 patients consisted of 82 women and 32 men completed the study. The first group consisted of 52 patients and the second group of 62 patients

Results: 26% of patients reported GI adverse effects. 21% of patients in the first group and 31% of the second group had GI side effects. The incidence of GI adverse effects between two groups didn't reach statistical significance

Conclusion: since the use of celecoxib was associated with some GI adverse effects in more than one-forth of the patients, its dose, history or having a GI disease and concomitant use of other medicine which may cause GI disorders must be considered when prescribing celecoxib

[Mother's attitude concerning parenting style and primary school students' growth and development]

Introduction: Children are the most valuable assets and the most vulnerable age groups in societies and the provision of their wellbeing and optimal growth are constructive and fruitful investments in economical, social and cultural welfare of society. The existence of a child is not only based on achieving a desired physical growth but also on his adjustment with the environment and development capabilities. Then consideration of several aspects of growth and its multifactor predictors is important. This study is based on effects of emotive environment and the way that the child is treated on his physical and mental growth

Material and Methods: This study is a descriptive retrospective correlation one on 204 first grade students randomly clustered. The instrument for data collection was questionnaire and standard tools for weight and height assessment. Questionnaires consisted of demographic characteristics and Bury Parental Authoritative questionnaires as well as Raven IQ test according to child's assessment. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as stepwise multiple regression, Pearson coefficient correlation and ANOVA test

Results: Results showed that maternal attitude to parenting style is related to child's cognitive development. We found a reversal negative correlation between Authoritarian maternal Attitude and child's IQ. There was no relationship between this variable and child's physical growth

Discussion: Findings of present study suggest that in order to achieve successful growth, we have to consider multisystemic methods that cover several aspects of growth and also consider emotional factors such as parenting style according to successful cognitive development. We can use these results for maternal consultation education and child growth assessment

[Survey on intravenous fluid of intrapartum maternal glucose in acid base of newborns]

Introduction: acid base disorders are considered as important but preventable problems in newborns

Objective: our purpose was to compare the effect of intrapartum 5% glucose in the intravenous fluid on umbilical cord acid-base and glucose status after spontaneous vaginal delivery

Materials and Methods: this research is a control- case and a prospective randomized trial. To conduct this study, 200 pregnant women presenting to obstetrics and Gynecology wards of hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected. These parturients were at age range of 18-39, healthy, with cervical dilatation >/= 4cm[active phase] and vertex presentation with normal fetal heart rate. 100 women received ringer lactate solution and 100 women ringer's lactate solution containing 5% glucose as maintenance Iv fluid during labor. Blood gases of neonates were compared in both groups

Results: there was a significant difference in cord PH in R/L +5% glucoses as a maintenance Iv fluid between 100 parturients of case group [7.29+/- 0.03] and in R1L solution in 100 parturients of control group [7.22+/- 0.04 [p=0.00] and pco2 in R/L+5% glucose was lower than R1L group [48.7 mm Hg+/- 6.1 versus 57.7 mmHg+/-2.3 [p=0.00] and HCO3 in R/L+5% glucose was higher than R/L group [24.8 meq/L+/- 1.8 versus 20.9 meq/L+/-2.07 [p=0.00] and base excess in first group - 4.8+/-0.7 meq/L versus- 5.7+/-1 meq/L e p=0.00]. There were no statistical differences between two groups according to cord arterial glucose and neonatal glucose level and Apgar scores

Conclusion: intrapartum intravenous fluid consisting of lactate Ringer's solution containing 5% glucose reduces umbilical cord acidemia and hypercarbia and base excess but increased HCO3 and no change in cord level of glucose was observed. Lactated Ringer's solution containing 5% glucose maybe a preferable solution than solution without glucose as an intravenous fluid during labor

Effects of magnesium sulfate on bleeding time in premature labor

Several studies have shown that administration of magnesium sulfate prolongs the bleeding time. To investigate such effects in pregnant women in Shiraz, southern Iran. This study was conducted on 30 pregnant women aged between 18 and 32 yrs, with a gestational age of 20 to 37 weeks, who presented to Hafez and Zeynabiyeh Emergency Units affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between January and August 1999, with premature labor pain or complaining of abdominal or back pain. The patients received tocolytic treatment with magnesium sulfate [MgSO4] in absence of any contraindication. The blood pressure and bleeding time of patients were measured upon admission to the labor room and before any intravenous infusion of MgSO4. Platelet count and serum magnesium level were also determined for each case. The aforementioned measurements and samplings were repeated following administration of 10 g MgSO4. A significant difference was observed between the mean serum magnesium level and mean arterial blood pressure, before and after MgS04 infusion. The mean bleeding time showed an increase of 27 seconds [15%] after infusion of Mg. Nevertheless, this value still remained in the normal range of 120-420 s. A direct relationship was found between the increase in serum magnesium level and the bleeding time. No change was observed in the mean platelet count. Magnesium therapy is associated with an increase in bleeding time in pregnant women, with no change in platelet count. This increase had no clinical significance and dose-independent

Prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction in Shiraz

Postpartum thyroiditis [PPT] is an autoimmune disease that usually occurs in the first year after parturition and presents with periods of transient thyrotoxicosis and/or hypothyroidism, and in some cases results in permanent hypothyridism. To determine the prevalence of PPT in healthy postpartum women in Shiraz, southern Iran. Of 460 postpartum women from Shiraz 385 cases who had no history of any medical problem or signs of other autoimmune disorders were selected during 1-8 months of postpartum period, to fill a questionnaire about signs and symptoms of their possible thyroid dysfunction. TSH and Anti-Tpo Ab were measured and FT4 assay was done on samples with abnormal TSH. 100 women at reproductive age were randomly selected as control group. Result: The clinical and biochemical prevalence of PPT were 33% and 11.4%, respectively [p<0.01]. Hyperthyroidism was more frequent in early months of postpartum period and hypothyroidism was more frequent in later months. Thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism occurred in 34 [8.8%] and 10 [2.6%] mothers, respectively. Positive Anti-Tpo Ab was found in 80% of patients and in 38% of the control group [p<0.0001]. Our results showed a high prevalence of PPT in women in Shiraz. This may be due to the transition from low to adequate iodine intake and participation of women in earlier postpartum period. The major difference compared to other studies is the high frequency of thyrotoxicosis