Recovery of Schistosoma haematobium ovum from Labeo rohita: first report from Pakistan

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease caused by trematodes from the genus Schistosoma that can infect humans and animals. S. mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. mekongi all causes intestinal schistosomiasis except S. haematobium that causes urinary schistosomiasis. It is only specie which effects urinary system, it can affect liver, heart, lungs also but very rarely. Schistosoma haematobium is endemic to over 50 countries in Africa and the Middle East and Western Asia and may be fatal in HIV positive people. A number of reports from the African countries like Nigeria have been reported. A few cases are reported 9but in Pakistan it has never been reported before in native people. It is first time reported in Pakistan in the intestine of Rahu (Labeo rohita). The purpose of this study is to elaborate the approach of zoonotic agent by various other routes including the commonly available fish

comparative study on the antibiotics [flavomycin and enramycin] and the probiotics [bio nutra and dinaferm] as growth promoters in broilers

The aim of the present work was to study the growth promoting effect of some antibiotics namely flavomycin and enramycin and two probiotics bio nutra and dinaferm on Hubbard broiler chickens. Birds were divided into five equal groups, each of 50 chicks. The 1st group received only basal ration [control]. The 2nd and 3rd groups received flavomycin and enramycin [120 gm /ton] respectively, the 4th and 5th groups received bionutra and dinaferm [[kg/ton] respectively Weights of birds and amount of food consumed by the birds were recorded weekly, also number of dead birds were recorded. It was found that the highest significant value of feed conversion was in dinaferm treated group followed by enramycin control and bio nutra. There was no significant differences between them. The lowest feed conversion was found in flavomycin treated group, also the least number of dead birds was found in enramycin treated group. So,it is better to use flavomycin than other treatments at a dose of 120 gm/ton to improve feed conversion, while enramycin is recommended in order to decrease mortality at a dose of 120 gm/ton it could be also concluded that some probiotics as bio nutra can be used as alternatively to growth promoting antibiotics where mortality rate is low

Post Dural puncture headache - a comparison of midline and paramedian approaches

The purpose of this study was to compare two approaches for dural puncture regarding post dural puncture headache [PDPH] in general population presenting for surgery under spinal anaesthesia. A comparative observational study was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, from March 2005 to July 2005. Twenty five patients, planned to undergo elective surgery under spinal anaesthesia, were randomly assigned to each of the two groups. Group-M received sub arachnoid block [S.A.B.] using midline approach for dural puncture whereas in Group-P paramedian approach was utilized. Both groups were observed for PDPH for three post operative days. The PDPH was much less frequent in P group compared to M Group, thus it was concluded that paramedian approach should be used frequently for dural puncture for spinal anaesthesia

Response of chickpea to nipping

Three barite deposits of economic importance occur near Haripur, Havelian and Kohala in Hazara Division. Beneficiation studies of eighteen representative samples from these deposits were undertaken by chemical method. The objective of this study was to upgrade the quality of barite to acceptable limit for utilization in various industries. Simple treatment for 15 min with commercial hydrochloric acid has been suggested to obtain the required specification for 80% barite utilizing industries

Semen picture studies on the use of combined selected antibiotics in different extenders of buffalo frozen semen

Pooled buffalo semen of motility more than 60% was used for the freezing process. Selected antibiotics were added in combination to the non-glycerolated part of buffalo milk and tris-yolk diluent. Cephapirin with Amikacin or Gentamycin were used in different concentrations. Penicillin G sodium [1000 ug/ml] and Streptomycin [1000 ug/ml] were used as control. The data demonstrated that the combined addition of antibiotics did not affect the sperm viability. The viability index [VI] was maximum with Cephapirin [1000 ug/ml] + Gentamycin [750 ug/ml] in case of buffalo milk and tris-yolk diluents. The VI in buffalo milk diluent was higher than in tris diluent. The Fructolytic index [FI] was higher in samples treated with combined antibiotics than in control samples or in samples with Penicillin plus Streptomycin

Pharmacological properties of melilotus indica plant: gastrointestinal and toxicological effects

Melilotus indica plant alcoholic extract inhibited the intestinal motility of rabbit's duodenum. This inhibition was proved to be myogenic in nature. It also inhibited the motility of taania hydatigena of dogs. The extract significantly increased the ruminal gas production in Egyptian buffaloes ruminal liquor in vitro. The LD[50] of melilotis indica a alcohol extract after oral and intraperitoneal administration in mice was found to be 320 and 100 mg/100g b.wt., respectively toxic symptoms and post-mortum finding were also reported

antimicrobial effect of some antiprotozoal drugs

Diminazine aceturate, amprolium Hcl. and Suramin Na, were studied for their antimicrobial effect on staphylococcus aurcus, Corynebacterium ovis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans, in-vitro and in-vivo. Diminazine aceturate proved to has an antimicrobial effect in all concentrations used [x 10[6]- x10[5] m. mcl./L.] Candida was only affected by a concentration of x 10[5] m. mol./L. amprolium Hcl. was effective in a concentration of 8x10[4] and 2x10[3] m. mcl./ L. on the test bicteria, while candid was insensitive. No effects were achieved with Saramin Na. Invivo study revealed an antimicrobial activity of Diminazine aceturate in mice in doses of 1.4 mg/100 gm body weight daily for 10 days. Other antiprotozoal drugs were inefctive