Association of bacteria in diabetic and non-diabetic foot infection - An investigation in patients from Bangladesh

The microbial community on a host relies on its immune status and pathophysiological condition. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder associated with a 25% increased risk of developing foot infection. The pathophysiological differences between diabetic foot infection [DPI] and non-DFI patients may alter the microbial composition in infections. The present study aims to comparatively analyze the microbes colonized in DPI and non-DFI patients in Bangladesh. Pus specimens were collected from 67 DPI and 12 non-DFI patients to investigate the bacteria associated with foot infection. For this investigation, an array of microbiological, molecular biological and immunological approaches were performed. Common bacteria detected in both DFI/non-DFI samples were Pseudomonas spp. [22/29%], Bacillus spp. [12/3%], Enterobacter spp. [22/7%], Staphylococcus spp. [13/13%] and Acinetobacter spp. [10/10%]. Enterococcus spp. [9%] and Klebsiella spp. [8%] occurred only in DFI patients, whereas Citrobacter spp. [29%] was only detected in non-DFI samples. The rate of occurrence of three organisms, namely, Enterococcus spp. |Z| =2.2125, Klebsiella spp. |Z| = 1.732, Bacillus spp. |Z| = 1.9034, were also statistically significant. Most of the isolates from DFI patients were commonly resistant to the cephalosporin [Ceftazidime, Ceftriazone, Cefurozime] and monobactam [Aztreonam] groups of antibiotics. DFI patients had comparatively higher C-reactive protein [CRP] levels than non-DFI patients, and a positive correlation was observed between multi-antibiotic resistance and CRP levels [one of the markers of chronic subclinical inflammation]. The present investigation implicated a complex association of the bacterial population in DPI compared with non-DFI with different antimicrobial resistance properties, which was linked with CRP levels

[Evaluation of the effects of sinusoidal vibrational electroshock [with low dose] in sertoli cells, leydig cells and gonadotropin hypophysis hormones [FSH, LH] and Testis tissue]

In 1337 Yokou Sirleti and Loosened bini cured the patients suffering from Schizophrenia using of electrical shock which showed more efficiency than drug. But Honk gonngian psychologists Found that such treatments have opposite chemical effects on patient's brain. In this research the effects of sinusoidal vibrational [with low dose] on Sertoli cells, Leyding cells, gonadotropin hypophysis Hormones [FSH, LH] and Testis tissue were studied. In this study 50 mature male mice categorized in to ten groups [each group five mouse]. One control and 9 groups were treated by 4, 8, 12 tolerable shocks in zero, 13 and 30 volts [Frequency of 35 kHz]. The duration of each shock was 2 minutes which was repeated every other day for 24 days. the specifications of the electrical sock system imput are 220 volts, 50 Hz and 200 mA and its output was tunable. the results of Sertoli and Leydig cells and hormone levels showed that there is a significant difference in the amount of cells and average blood hormones of LH, FSH between control and main groups [p< 0.05]. Our data suggests that electroshock is effective on higher centers of hyphophysis, therefore causes a direct effect on the metabolic activity of the hyphophysis cells and also causes decrease in metabolism and GnRH production. This task has effects on Hyphophysis and at last decrease amount of Sertoli cell, Leyding cells and FSH, LH gonadotropin hormones

comparative study on the changes in minor protein and viscosity of goat and cow sweetened condensed milk during storage

Analysis of SCM at different stages of storage revealed that viscosity increased at all the temperatures except 6°C. At 22°C the viscosity of SCM gradually increased after first month of storage. At storage temperature of 37°C there was contineous and considerable increase in viscosity upto 4 months period of storage. PP and NPN level increased gradually, but the extent of increase was slow at 22°C, whereas at 37°C, these constituents increased sharply both in case of goat and cow SCM. Samples stored at 6°C did not indicate any appreciable variation in its level

Acetyl COA carboxylase in mammary gland and liver of lactating rabbit: effect of opioids

The activity of Acetyl COA Carboxylase [ACC] in the mammary gland and liver was investigated in lactating rabbits when administered with morphine and other opioid peptides. The enzyme activities in the tissue of the treated animals are expressed as in vivo studies. In the in vitro experiments, the tissues used were from the untreated groups where the enzyme assay mixture contained added opioids. The in vivo studies show that the activity of enzyme had slight increase in both mammary gland and liver with the administration of opioids. As far asopioid peptides are concerned, there appears to be no change in ACC level both in mammary and liver tissue. Addition of the increasing concerntration of morphine in vitro assay system could cause a significant decrease in mammary and liver tissu. Increasing concentration of methionineenkephalin [Met-Enk], Leucine Enkephalin [Lea -Enk] and Bcasomorphine [B-CM] also caused a significant decrease in both mammary and liver ACC level. Opioid and opioid peptides induced decrease in the enzyme activity was counteracted by naloxone in the in vitro assay system