Biological Control of Alternaria Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderma Species under Field Conditions

Trichoderma strains were evaluated under field conditions to assay their efficacy in suppressing Alternaria fruit rot disease and promoting chili plant growth. The experiment was conducted at the Botanical Garden, Rajshahi University, Bangladesh from July 2006 to March 2007. Application of Trichoderma harzianum IMI 392432 significantly (p = 0.05) suppressed the disease compared to Alternaria tenuis (T2) treatment and improved both growth and yield. The treatment T4 (T. harzianum IMI-392432 + A. tenuis) was most effective in reducing disease percentage (72.27%) compared to A. tenuis (T1) treatment. The highest seed germination rate (85.56%) and the highest growth and yield (12.5 g/plant) was also recorded in the same treatment (T4), followed by T5 (T. harzianum IMI-392433 000000 + A. tenuis), T6 (T. harzianum IMI-392434 +A. tenuis), T2 (T. virens IMI-392430 + A. tenuis), and T3 (T. pseudokoningii IMI-392431 +A. tenuis) treatment, while single treatment with A. tenuis significantly decreased these values.

Types of haemoglobin in patients attending Khartoum Teaching Hospital - Sudan

Abnormal haemoglobins lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This is a prospective study, evaluating types of haemoglobin and haematological parameters in blood samples of 631 Sudanese patients. Participants were patients who attended different departments in Khartoum Teaching Hospital in the period from March 2005 through July 2005. Electrophoresis was used to determine the type of haemoglobin. 585 cases have normal haemoglobin [Hb A]. Mean red cell indices were: Hbl 1.5 g/dl, PCV 34.9%, MCV 85.4 fl, MCH 32.1pg, MCHC 33.2 g/dl, RDW 37 fl and WBC 7013 /cm3. 46 [7.3%] patients had abnormal Hb. The frequency of Hb types were AA: 92.7%, AS: 4.9%, SS: 0.8%, AC: 0.5% and AF: 0.5%.The presence of abnormal haemoglobin such as haemoglobin S is not unexpected because we live in the centre of an affected area. The study showed low haematological parameters due to various causes including poor nutrition as well as infections and haemolytic processes

Absorption of non heme iron in typical and standard meals using extrinsically Labelled iron 59 fe

To study the bioavailibility of nonheme iron from standard and test meals in Pakistani adults and to determine iron absorption using extrinsically tagged iron 59Fe. Nonheme iron absorption was measured from standard and test meals in ten healthy individuals. Total calories, carbohydrates, proteins, fats, ascorbic acid, total iron, phytate and ascorbic acid content were determined in both meals. Retention of iron was detected by whole body counting using gamma counter before and after administration of standard, test meals and reference dose. Iron absorption with test meal was 13% and after adjustment with serum ferritin and reference dose was 16.5% and 14% respectively. The absorption of standard meal was 6.7% which after adjustment with serum ferritin and reference dose was 8.8% and 6.9% respectively. The iron and ascorbic acid content of test meal was 6.5 mg and 5.7 mg respectively while phytate phosphorus content was 114 mg. The iron and ascorbic acid content of standard meal was 1.3 mg and 2.4 mg respectively while phytate phosphorus content was 137 mg. This evaluated absorption from one of the typical Pakistani diet compared to the standard meal was better. This shows that there are some other physiological factors that lead to iron deficiency anemia in Pakistan

Study of nursing student's knowledge about sexuality and sexual health

This study aimed to assess the impact of a teaching unit about sexuality and sexual health on university nursing students. All students enrolled in Maternity and Gynecological Nursing Course were included in this study [n=150]. Two tools were used for data collection: The 1st was a questionnaire to assess student's knowledge about certain areas in sexuality and sexual health e.g. female and male reproductive anatomy and physiology, sexual response cycle, female sexual response and circumcision, male and female sex problems, sex education and menopause. This tool was administered twice, once before the conduction of the teaching unit and the other at its end. The 2nd tool was the teaching unit which stressed the gaps in the student's knowledge as identified by their response in tool 1. The results revealed a general lack of knowledge in almost all the investigated parameters before the teaching unit. However, a significant improvement in student's knowledge' was observed after the teaching unit. This indicated that sex education as well as sexual health should be effectively integrated in the university nursing curriculum

Reduced enterohepatic recycling of estrogen in women with resected gut

Enterohepatic recycling of estrogen after oral administration of 1mg nonradioactive estriol [E3] was studied in two women who had undergone ileal resection and in fourteen healty women selected as the control subjects, during the early follicular phase of menstrual cycle. Urinary excretion of estriol - alpha - glucuronide [F3 - 16 alpha - G] and estriol - 3 - glucuronide [E3 - 3 - G] which are the main metabilities of E3 was monitored during 48 hours in order to assess the extent of enterohepatic recycling of estrogen. The urinary excretion profile of E3 metabilities and lower value of E3 - 3 - G output which could be regarded as good index of enterohepatic recycling of E3, indicate that ileal resection could lead to a marked reduction in the extent of enterohepatic recycling of estrogen and its derivatives

Studies on glycosylated plasma proteins in diabetic patients

The level of glycosylated haemoglobin in the blood is considered as an index of long term blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. Glycosylation of structural proteins also occur. The present study describes the levels of glycosylated blood proteins [nonenzymatic] and blood glycoproteins [enzymatic glycosylation] in four groups of diabetic patients [n = 80] as well as non-diabetic control subjects [n = 20]. The patients were divided according to the treatment they received. Glycosylated haemoglobin, glycosylated plasma proteins, fasting plasma glucose, hexosamine, sialic acid and mucoproteins were measured in each subject. All of these measurements were significantly increased in diabetic patients however, glycoproteins were not significantly correlated with glycosylated haemoglobin or fasting glucose

Comparison between weight/height ratio and mid arm circumference in assessment of malnutrition

Five hundreds of Egyptian children aged one-five years, were selected from O.P.C. of Bab El-Shaaria University Hospital, their weights were below the 5th centile according to NCHS statistic standards; they had no oedema. All children were subjected to complete history, comprehensive examination and anthropometrics; weight, length Mid-arm circumference [M.A.C.] and weight/height ratio [W/H]. Aiming for comparison between M.A.C. and W/H ratio in assessment of degree of wasting among Egyptian children below 5 years of age. Our study verified more or less a linear correlation between the 2 measurements with statistical significance; when we used the currently accepted limits for moderate and severe malnutrition [W/H; 80% and 70%, MAC; 13.5 and 12.5] respectively. However, this correlation was made markedly significant when we were used a new limits for MAC. [13 and 11]. X = 533.68, r = 0.8 p<0.001, the percentage of wasting among the selected children was 35%, and stunting percentage was 19%