[Equine coital exanthema development in a Dutch stallion from a horse riding club in Tehran]

Case History: Equine coital exanthema caused by Equine herpesvirus 3 [EHV3] was reported in 1900. At the present time, it has become epidemic among horses. The virus could be transmitted via insemination, iatrogenic, and it basically infects the squamous epithelium of the epidermis

Clinical Presentation: In the first week of January 2012 two mature male horses and a mare were imported from Netherland and kept in a stable of a horse riding club located around Tehran. In the first week of December, these animals manifested clinical signs of high fever with repeated intermittently for two times. During this period, one of the male horses developed exanthematous lesions on the penis and perinea tissues which depigmented later. Biopsy specimens obtained from the lesion processed for histopathological examination were stained with Harris H alpha E and nuclear fast Red methods

Diagnositc Testing: Microscopically, ballooning degeneration of squumous epithelium, acantholysis, epithelial ulcers accompanied by multiple bacterial colonies and the herpes virus intranuclear inclusion bodies with margination of nuclear chromatin were evident. Obviously the horse had EHV3 infection and the stresses resulted from high fever led to the reappearance of genital exanthematous lesions

Assessments: In spite of the contagious nature of the infection, the native horses kept in the same stable did not manifest any clinical sings of the infection and therefore the disease could be native. Since the EHV2 infection first affects upper respiratory infection with a high fever course and then induces viremia with another high fever period so it might be speculated that the primary disease of the Netherland horses caused by the EHV2 infection

[ effect of different levels of cadmium on the histopathological changes and the rate of lymphoid cells apoptosis of bursa of fabricius in broiler chickens]

Cadmium toxicity can cause kidney failure, liver damage and a weakened immune system in experimental and naturally occurring toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium [Cd] on the histology and the rate of lymphoid apoptosis in the bursa of fabricius of chicken. One-hundred 20-day-old male Ross broilers were purchased and randomly divided into four groups. The control group [C] received no Cd, whereas groups 1, 2, and 3 had rations administered containing 25, 50 and 100 ppm cadmium as CdCl, respectively. At days 14, 28 and 42, seven chicks from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed. The bursa of Fabricius of each chick was removed, weighed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and processed for histopathology and assessment of the rate of lymphoid cells apoptosis. The apoptotic cells were demonstrated in paraffin embedded tissue sections using the TUNEL[terminal oxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling] method. The concentration of Cd in the liver samples was measured by atomic absorption. Areverse correlation between the levels of Cd in the rations and the body weight of the chickens [p < 0.01] was found. The concentration of Cd in the liver showed a positive correlation with the levels of Cd in the rations [p < 0.01]. The number of apoptotic lymphoid cells was significantly increased in those groups receiving higher levels of Cd [especially groups 2 and 3] [p<0.01]. Morphologically, plicas and lymphoid follicles of groups 2 and 3 were smaller than of the control group. In the histological analysis they were found to be hypocellular and some of them were edematous. Compared to the control group, there was an increase in the number of intraepithelial cysts in groups 2 and 3 at days 28 and 42. In addition, atrophic changes of bursal paranchyma were observed in group 3 after 42 days. It can be concluded that under experimental conditions the higher concentrations of Cd in the rations [50 and 100 ppm]has detrimental effects on the bursa of Fabricius of chickens

Lymphoid Leucosis and Coligranoluma in a Budgerigar [Melopsittacus undulates]

An adult female budgerigar [Melopsittacus undulates] presented with abdominal enlargement. The condition of the bird deteriorated after needle aspiration for cytological examination. The budgerigar was euthanatized and a complete necropsy was performed. Microscopic sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram staining, periodic acid-Schiff [PAS] and acid-fast staining. Escherichia coll was isolated in pure culture. Necropsy revealed the presence of granulomatous lesions of varying sizes at different locations and hepatomegaly, oviduct impaction and oophoritis. Histopathologically, typical granuloma with a central area of coagulation necrosis and bacterial colonies surrounded by lymphocytes, macrophages and multinucleated giant cells were found. These granulomas were present in the liver, oviduct and intestinal tract. A sheet of neoplastic cells and disruption of the normal hepatic architecture was seen. The diagnosis was lymphoid leucosis and coligranuloma

[Histopathological and ultrastractural changes of kidneys in response to cadmium chloride toxicity in broiler chickens]

Cadmium as a heavy metal has some detrimental effects on the health of living organisms. The aim of the present inventigation was to study the effects of cadmium induced toxicity on the kidney in a broiler chicken mode. Eighty four one day-old male Ross breed broiler chickens were obtained from a commercial poultry farm and randomly divided into four groups. While control [group 1] took no cadmium, groups 2,3 and 4 received a ration of 25,50 and 100 ppm cadmium [CdCl[2]] per day, respectively. At days 14, 28 and 42 seven birds were sacrificed and their kidneys were examined with both light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using 2- way ANOVA. Kidney lesions in the groups 3 and 4 were more severe than the group 2. Severity of kidney lesions showed both time and dose dependent manner increase so that all birds in groups 3 and 4 had severe kidney lesions. These groups received 50 and 100 ppm cadmium a day. Renal histopathology showed swelling, degenerative changes, necrosis and apoptosis in tubular epithelium as well as presence of hyaline casts and lack of kidney lymphoid tissue formation. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of dietary cadmium can induce kidney lesions in chickens through glomerular and tubular damages

Effect of Ramadan on neutrophil's respiratory burst [innate immunity] and circulating immune complex

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on neutrophil's respiratory burst and circulating immune complex [CIC] level. The effects of Ramadan fasting on neutrophil's respiratory burst and CIC was studied in 21 normal young fasting Muslim individuals using standardized chemiluminescence and poly ethylene glycol methods respectively, the results obtained and statistically analysed. It was shown that in 11 cases out of 21 [52%] both of the chemiluminescence [CL] activity and CIC levels measured before and after Ramadan fasting were in normal range in spite of a insignificant decrease or increase in CL activity or CIC level. Therefore, the changes of the immunological parameters were not significant and the levels remained in the range of normal. In four cases out of 21 [24%], the CL activity and CIC levels were higher than normal range measured just before Ramadan, however after month of Ramadan the CL activity and CIC level decreased reaching to the normal level of these parameters. In four cases out of 21 [24%] there were an increase in CL activity and CIC levels after Ramadan fasting. There were no significant changes of CL activity of circulating neutrophils and CIC levels comparing the results obtained before and after Ramadan. More over there was a good correlation between these two immunological parameters measured in the present study

[ effects of cadmium on blood parametens in broiler chicken]

To study the effects of various concentration of Cadmium [5, 50 and 100 ppm] on blood parameters in broiler chickens [Ross Breed]. Experimental study. Two hundred and eightyn Ross broiler chickens. The chickens were randomly categorized into 4 groups of 3 replicates each. The replicates were randomly distribued in 12 batteries. Blood were collected after 1, 2, 4 and 7 weeks and the values of RBC and WBC counts, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCHC, leukocyte differentiation and thrombocyte counts determined. ANOVA and Scheffe method. The valuse of RBC,PCV and Hb gradually showed increase during course of experiment in 5 ppm group compare to control. However there were no significant difference among groups. In 50ppm group RBC,PCV and Hb had decrease compare to control [p<0.05] but MCV and MCHC changes were not significant. Therefore, the anemia in the 50ppm group was normocytic normochromic type, while in the 100ppm group the valuse of RBC, PCV, Hb and MCHC had decrease [p<0.05], MCV, showed increase [p<0.05]. The results indicate that anemia in the 100ppm group is a macrocytic hypochromic type. WBC and heterophil counts showed increase between days 14 and 28 in 5, 50 and 100ppm treated groups compare to control. However the changes were not statistically significant. Furthermore, thrombocyte counts in 5ppm, 50ppm and 100ppm groups were significantly low [p<0.05]. It is concluded that cadmium administration causes gradual hematological changes which correlate with cadmium concentration in the diet

pathological and clinical study of pyothorax [thoracic empyema] in two young Persian cats

Pyothorax [thoracic empyema] in two females 4 and 3.5-4-month-old cats are reported. The cats were referred to Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, with the clinical signs and symptoms of acute fever, severe respiratory distress, anorexia and malaise. The clinical and radiological examinations pointed to an accumulation of fluid within the thoracic cavity. Because of the severity of the disease the animals died without obtaining any treatment. In post mortem examination, a bilateral pyothorax was diagnosed. Both Pasteurella multocida and Nocardia asteroides and Pasteurella multocida alone were isolated from case 2 and case 1, respectively

[Application of polymerase chain reaction to confirm mycobacterium infection in goat]

Evaluation of PCR test to confirm the samples that showed mycobacterium infection.Observational study.One thousand goats, lymph nodes and organs with visible lesion in reactor goats. At first the goats were tested by CIDT method. Measuring thikness of skin, clinical and necropsy examination in reactor and suspicious goats.Sampling of organs with visible lesion. Bacteriologic test and PCR by [Hot start PCR] kit. The type of primer used in study was IS116. In all goats which were studied, 7 goats responded positive and 4 suspicious. In 11 goats under study, 4 show mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR test.those result were compare with result of bacteriology tests. Not only this study is the first research about mycobacterium in goat in Iran, but also is the first research to confirm mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in small ruminant and evaluation PCR test for diagnosis mycobacterium in samples