[Attitude of students of Lorestan medical science university towards priorities in teachers assessment 2008]

One of the important aspects of education is evaluation, which is influenced by various factor. Evaluating of academic members on students assessment is a kind of educational evaluation, which includes determining their rate of success in their own educational goals. Using students' views for teacher assessment is a common method. However, research results indicate that students' ideas about their teachers is influenced by some factors which have no close relationship to the evaluation subject and is merely related to the instructors specification. To determine the attitude of students different fields in medical sciences university toward priorities in teachers assessment Lorestan. This study was descriptive-analytical performed on all vary courses' students in university of medical sciences Lorestan during 2007-08. data were colleted using the questionnaire consisting of 7 parts and 43 questions was used to gather data. That was completed by students Then. Data were analyzed with Softwear SPSS v.l 1.5. Results indicated that the majority of students [80.4%] selected [mastery of contents] as the most important priority in teachers assessment. Most of them [81.2%] selected [self-confidence] for personal characteristics, 70.8% selected "establishing an intimate relationship with students' for communication skills, 47.6% selected [on time starting and finishing the class] in respect to educational principles and 49.9% selected [performing an exact and comprehensive exam at the end of the term] for evaluation skills. Also 27.7% of the samples believed that there is a high conformity between the present evaluations and reality and 18.5% believed there is no conformity between them. Although students distinguish some very important factors for teachers assessment, the necessary factors for a good teacher based on the scientific criteria aren't selected as the most important by the students and this may decrease the validity and reliability of students ratings

role of central endogenous histamine and H[1], H[2] and H[3] receptors on food intake in broiler chickens

The role of endogenous histamine and H[1], H[2] and H[3] central receptors on food intake in broiler chickens was investigated. For this purpose, a probe was used to manipulate the concentration of endogenous histamine by intracerebroventricular [ICV] injection of thioperamide, an H[3] receptor antagonist, and R-alpha-methylhistamine, an H[3] receptor agonist and subsequently the effects of brain histaminergic system on food intake was assessed. Moreover, to determine the receptors involved in histamine-induced feeding behaviour changes, H[1], and H2 blockers were administered to thioperamide-treated chickens. Injection of thioperamide [600 and 300 nmol] decreased food intake dose-dependently [P<0.05]. On the contrary, ICV injection of R-alphamethylhistamine [400 and 200 nmol] increased food intake [P<0.05]. Chlorpheniramine [128 and 256 nmol], a H[1] receptor antagonist, increased food intake [P<0.05]. Famotidine, a H[2] receptor antagonist at 74 or 148 nmol had no effect on food intake but at 296 nmol significantly decreased food intake [P<0.05]. Pretreatment with chlorpheniramine [256 nmol] significantly attenuated thioperamide effects [600 nmol] on food intake [P<0.05]. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that histamine exerts anorexigenic effects through H[1], but not H[2] receptors in broiler chickens. Furthermore, it was shown that thioperamide through stimulation of synthesis and release of endogenous neuronal histamine can decrease food intake in broiler chickens

Effect of supine, prone and kangaroo care [KC] Positions on diminishing the pain response in term neonates during venopuncture

Neonates expose to painful procedures even when come to birth healthy. Pain reduction is a definite right for each living creature during medical intervention. It has been proved by many studies that painful experiences during babyhood, besides the early complications such as tachycardia, tachypnea and increase of body metabolic needs, can intensify individual's physiologic and behavioral responses to pain in next stages of life. The purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of supine, prone and kangaroo care [KC] positions on diminishing the pain response of term neonates during acute pain of venopuncture. In this clinical trial study, 50 healthy neonates between 39 to 40 weeks of gestational age with physiologic icter requiring bilirubin estimation were assigned to receive a venous puncture and assessed for their responses to the pain of venopuncture performed in a standard manner. Blood sampling was performed by an expert nurse in charge of each neonate in three positions including supine, kangaroo care [KC] at a 24-hour interval during 3 days. The place and condition of sampling were equal for all neonates. Pain responses were assessed using DAN scale, then the gathered data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical tests. According to the obtained results there was no significant differences between pain score in supine and prone positions. Limb movements score in supine position was significantly higher than two other positions. In supine position, pain profile score was significantly lower in subjects with higher weight and there was same result in KC position. Based on the results, KC position seems to effectively decrease pain during venopuncture and other painful procedures, but it is suggested to do similar studies to complete the outcome of the present study

[Comparative study of adverse effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone on blood sugar, lipid and other side effects in psychotic disorders]

Chronic mental disorders are among the problems in psychiatrics. Atypical anti psychotic drugs are new effective medications to treat these disorders. Unfortunately these drugs lead to side effects such as increase in blood glocuse, weight gain and edema. This study aims to investigate adverse effects of Olanzapine and Rispridone on lipid level and blood glocuse and other complications in patients with psychotic disorders. This clinical trial-double blinded study, patients with psychotic disorders were randomly categorized into two groups. Group one treated with Olanzapine and other with Rispridone. All the subjects were initially assessed for blood sugar and lipids, and in the case of normal, they were randomly assigned to two groups in a double- blinded method to be treated with Olanzapine or Risperidone. Blood sugar and lipids tests were performed for all subjects at the 1st week and 3 months after initiation of therapy. Other complications were assessed too, then the data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study indicated that the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar rose significantly at the 1st week and third month after beginning the treatment. Increase of cholesterol and triglyceride in the Olanzapine and Risperidone groups was significant, while blood sugar level showed no significant difference in these two groups. Other side effects including restlessness, impotence, weight again, edema and drowsiness were significantly different between the two groups. Based on the findings of this study and the emphasis of other related studies on the metabolic changes of the body resulting from atypical antipsychotic drugs, it is suggested that these drugs should be prescribed for high risk patients with great care and cautions

[ effect of water birth on the duration of labor and pain level in comparison with land birth]

Due to the objectives of the World Health Organization and ministry of health concerning decreasing the rate of cesarean section, elective cesarean substitutes have to be investigated. Consequently, this study tried to evaluate the effect of water birth as a vaginal delivery method without the physician intervention on decreasing the pain level and the labor duration. This clinical trial study was carried out on 100 G1 and G2 pregnant women of 38 to 42-week pregnancy referring to Assalian Clinic. The samples were divided into two 50-member groups undergoing either water birth or land birth. The labor duration, as well as the pain level were evaluated and analyzed statistically using Chi-Square, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test, and the p< 0.05 criterion was considered to be significant. We found that the average duration of the active phase of pregnancy for water birth was 3.1 +/- 0.8 hours compared to the same duration in the opposite group which was 4.7 +/- 0.8 hours showing a statistically significant decrease [p<0.05]. Moreover, the duration of the second stage of water birth group was 0.53 +/- 0.22 hours in comparison with 0.88 +/- 0.43 hours for the second group. Based on the p<0.05 criterion, the duration of the second stage of labor significantly decreased for water birth. The pain levels were determined in both groups using Visual Analog Score, which are: 3.53 +/- 0.79 and 6.96 +/- 1.7 for water birth and land birth respectively based on the criterion, and the decrease in the pain level was considered to be significant for water birth. Results of the study suggested that the water birth may have been a non-pharmaceutical and non-invasive substitute for the selected cesarean cases due to the shorter labor, the lower pain level, and the lowered physician intervention

[ rate of Aflatoxin contamination of bread losses in Lorestan provinces]

Aflatoxins belong to a group of toxins called mycotoxins that infection with them can cause complications in humans such as immunity weakness, lung syndrome, liver cancer, esophagus cancer and hemagglutination, and are inhibitor of RNA and protein, as well as cause numerous complications in genital, respiratory and the digestive systems and because of their poisoning and carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties, cause numerous complications in livestock. This research was carried out to determine the rate of Aflatoxine contamination of bread losses in Lorestan province and its comparison with standard levels reported by WHO and FAO. This study was done by field and laboratory method on 180 samples of losses dried bread in 2009 with randomized distribution in Lorestan province and detection of samples contamination to aflatoxin was done by HPLC floresence apparatus. Data was analyzed by SPSS software [alpha=5%].The median rate of types of aflatoxin: B1,B2,G1 and G2 total types of aflatoxin in bread losses [infected, semi-infected and safe] in Lorestan were 22.5304, 2.4369, 0.1923, 0.1022 and 25.2636 [microg/kg]. Average of minimum and maximum infection to aflatoxin with all types of aflatoxin belonged to Khorramabad [42.9403 and 47.7153 microg/kg] and Borujerd [1.8611 and 1.9833] respectively. Average rate of aflatoxin type B1 in infected, semi-infected and safe bread are 64.0536, 1.9167, 0.5629 [microg/kg] and average rate of all types of aflatoxin in infected, and safe breads were: 72.0257, 1.9990 and 05753 [microg/kg]. Also rate of aflatoxin B1 in 29 out of 180 samples are more than standard level and total rate of different types of aflatoxin in 18 samples were more than standard levels. Results of the carried out studies showed that the milk of the cows feeding dried bread contains large amount of Aflatoxin's metabolites, so the consumption of losses dried bread must be forbidden for livestock and humans too

[Antisperm antibody and the risk factors of its formation in infertile men]

Several studies have demonstrated that antisperm antibody [ASA] can interfere with fertilization. ASA can be detected in the serum or semen by different tests. In this study, the percentage of ASA-IgG was determined by the direct mixed antiglobulin reaction [MAR] test in men from infertile couples in Khorramabad city. Furthermore, the risk factors of formation of ASA were evaluated to determine the correlation between these factors and presence of ASA. 200 men were tested for ASA as a part of the infertility evaluation. Patients were grouped according to percentage of ASA of< 10% or >/= 10%. Risk factors for ASA [varicocele, hernia, and genitourinary infections] were considered for each group. Statistical analysis was performed using Fishers exact test. ASA was detected in 18.5% of the studied cases. Prior varicocele was significantly associated with presence of ASA detected by direct MAR. Prior hernia was not associated with presence of ASA detected by direct MAR. Prior genitourinary infections were significantly associated with presence of ASA detected by direct MAR. These findings suggest that manipulation of cord structures including vas deferens is not associated with formation of ASA; however, varicocele and prior genitourinary infections are significant risk factors for the development of ASA