Development of safe chemical and biological formulations for control of nematodes in cucumber

Afield study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a chemical mixture, biological suspension and synthetic nematicide [oxamyl] on the fruit yield and development of a natural polyspecific microorganism community on cucumber plants. This community included the fungi Aspergillus niger, A. ochracious, A. terreus, Fusarium solani, Penicillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Trichoderma spp.; the dominant bacteria Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Changes in the density and structure of the community were presented and discussed. Plots treated with the mixture, consisted of red molasses [50 liter], milk [1 liter], smashed garlic cloves [5 kg] and water [45 liter], had the highest fruit yield and lowest M incognita population. Moreover, cucumber yield was significantly [P

Management of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne javanicam on cucumber [cucumis sativus] with biological control agent

Two biological control agents, Nemaless [a commercial suspension of the bacterium Serratia marcescens; 1 x 10 [9] bacterial cells/ml] and Nemastop plus [a commercial suspension presumably of garlic, allium sativum, extract and the fungus Paeciiomyces lilacinus], were tried to determine their effects on cucumber growth parameters and Meloidogyne javanica development and reproduction. Both have significantly [P

Vertical and horizontal distributions of plant - parasitic nematodes associated with banana CV. Williams under flood irrigation regime

Under flood irrigation system, the vertical and horizontal distributions of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with soil and roots of banana cv. Williams were investigated. The sampling data generally indicated that the highest population density of parasitic nematodes viz. Criconemoides spp., Helicotylenchus exallus, Hoplolaimus spp. and Meloidogyne incognita were concentrated at soil depth layers of 0-15 cm, and 16-30 cm at the horizontal distance of just beneath the plant base [zero cm] and 40 cm from the banana pseudostem base which is correlated with the growth and distribution of the feeder roots of banana. These sites should be considered as the best sampling points for such coin habiting nematodes

Histopathological changes induced by either Root - Knot or spiral nematedes on banana roots

Cross and longitudinal sections in roots of banana cv. Williams infected by either Meloidogyne incognita or Helicotylenchus dihystera showed that the histological alterations induced in roots infected with M. incognita were displayed by the giant cell formation in both cortical and stelar regions. The giant cells were, always, in clusters each containing 3-6 cells. Roots infected with H. dihystera showed small brown lesions around the penetratedsites in the cortical layer causing considerable cell wall damage. The walls of the invaded cells by the nematodes were heavily stained with safranine indicating the presence of lignin, while healthy cell walls were lightly stained

Separation and identification of triterpenoid saponins having molluscicidal activity from pittosporum tobira

In this work, the molluscicidal properties of Pittosporum tobira were studied. The dry powder suspension showed LC90 80, 60 and 52 ppm against Biomphalaria alexandrina, B. truncatus and L. Caillaudi, respectively. The chemical screening of the different fractionated extracts of the powdered plant showed the presence of some sterols, saponins, glycosides and a flavonoid. Using different chromatographic techniques, two components were separated from the methanol extract; the first was identified as 22-0-[2-methyl butyryl]-Al-barrigenol linked at C-3 to a linear pentasaccharide composed of rhamnose-xylose- xylose through an ether linkage. The second compound was identified as Al- barrigenol-22-0-angeloyl linked at C-3 to a linear pentasaccharide composed of glucose-xylose-glucuronic acid- xylose- glucose through an ether linkage. The structures of the separated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods such as UV, 1H- NMR, IR and mass spectra

Evaluation of the molluscicidal activity of some local plants

Molluscicidal screening of aqueous suspensions of 79 local plants belonging to 34 families was carried out. Two different snail species; Biomphalaria alexandrina and Lymnaea caillaudi, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica respectively in Egypt were used in this study. Because of the high molluscicidal activity of Dizygotheca elegantissima [Araliaceae] and Agave decipiens [Agavaceae]. [The LC90 values for D. elegantissima were 100 and 80 ppm and for A. decipiens 180 and 170 ppm against the two snail species respectively after 24 hr of exposure], the two plant species were examined in greater detail. The acetone, methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts of D. elegantissima and only the methanol extract of A. decipiens showed promising activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Preliminary phytochemical screening of both plants revealed the presence of sterols and / or triterpenes, flavonoids, carbohydrates, and/or glycosides as well as saponins. Tannins were only found in D. elegantissima while alkaloids and /or nitrogenous bases were absent in both plants. The effects of some environmental conditions on the potency of the two plants has been studied