[Cryptosporidial infection in the children referred to Qazvin Qods Hospital [2003]]

Cryptosporidiosis is associated with diarrheal illness worldwide. In this study to determine prevalence of infection of this parasite was studied in the children with diarrhea coming to Qods children's hospital of Qazvin during 2003. In this cross sectional study all of children coming with diarrhea [1000 cases] were examined in 2003. Every case gave 3 stool speciments. These speciments prepared by formalin-Ether method and smears were stained by zeihl-Neelsen modified, then were studied by 10X, 100X power under a microscope and results were analyzed with SPSS. Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis was 0.3%. There were 803 cases [80.3%] from 1000 cases without tissue reaction. The most infection were among cases with tissue reaction [1.5%] and the least was among cases without tissue reaction [0%] and this difference was significant [P = 0.008]. Low prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Qazvin can present such as a positive health index. In addition our study suggests every cases of diarrhea with positive tissue reaction in their stool exams should be studied for cryptosporidium protozoa

[Umbilical venous administration of different dosages of saline on the length of the third stage of labor]

Since bleeding due to prolongation of the third stage of labor is one of the most common causes of mortality in the developing countries, we decided to conduct a comparative study on the effects of normal saline injection into umbilical vein on the shortening of the third stage of labor. This study was an experimental scientific research in order to compare the effects of different dosages of intraumblical venous injection of normal saline on the third stage of labor in women who admitted to lmam hospital in Sari. A total of 120 matched pregnant women who had normal delivery without any complications were divided into three equal groups of 40 subjects in each. Twenty and 30 ml normal saline was administered to groups 1 and 2, and the third group was considered as control. In control group the third stage of labor was accomplished without any intervention. This research showed that the injection of 20 or 30 ml normal saline intravenously into the umbilical cord shortened the duration of labor. Also the length of the third stage of labor with the injection of 30 ml normal saline was shorter than that in 20 ml normal saline group but this difference was not statistically significant. The results of our study suggest a clinically important beneficial effect of intraumblical normal saline injection in the treatment of retained placenta

[Study of infertile husbands' and wives' point of view to infertility and marital adjustment in patients refering to Royan infertility center of Tehran in 2005]

The rate of infertility is estimated 12-21% in Iranian couples. Cooperation of couples is needed for treatment. One potential risk factor for the development of marital problems is difference between partners in their approach to infertility. The aim of this study was to know the infertile couples' approach to infertility and marital adjustment. In this cross sectional study, 160 infertile couples reffering to Royan infertility center of Tehran were enrroled. The data concerning the infertility approach and marital adjustment were recorded in, Copper Smith self esteem and Dyadic adjustment scale [DAS] questionaire. SPSS soft ware was used for the ststistical analysis of the data. Findings showed that having children was very important to both husbands and wives and both involved in and wanted to talk about trying to have a baby. There was no difference between self esteem and marital adjustment in men and women. There was ststistically significant difference between approach to infertility and marital adjustment in both husbands and wives. Husbands' and wives' approach to infertility and marital adjustment can be used by psychologists in evaluation of infertile couples. Increase of couple interest and involvement in infertility treatment may lead to positive change in couples communication about infertility and to a more positive effect of infertility on the marriage

Postpartum depression in clients at health care centers in Sari

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and pertaining contributors of postpartum depression [PD] in clients referring to the Health Care Centers in Sari city, Iran. 422 pregnant women at their third trimester referred to ten antenatal care units from Feb. 2001 to Aug. 2002. Mothers were further followed up 6-8 weeks after childbirth. The data was collected using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale [EPDS], short form of Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-28] and a demographic questionnaire. According to the EPDS the prevalence of PD was 22% [n=92] during 6-8 weeks after delivery. Also, 30% of the mothers were depressed during the third trimester of pregnancy. Based on the GHQ data analysis, 37% [n=157] and 31% [n=132] of the samples were suspected to have a psychiatric morbidity in the third trimester and 6-8 weeks postpartum, respectively. There was a significant relationship between postpartum depression and stressful life events, family support, baby's health problems, perceived ability to nurse the baby, and the problems at delivery. The prevalence of depression and psychiatric disorders are higher during pregnancy and decrease postpartum