Laryngeal cancer: sociodemographic, life style and clinical risk factors among patients underwent total laryngectomy

Laryngeal cancer [LC] is an important health problem. It is one of the most common respiratory cancers. The prevalence of this cancer is increasing all over the world. The aim of the present study is to determine the clinical features of the laryngeal cancer patients underwent total laryngectomty [TL]; to define the characteristic features of surgery in these patients; and to define the life style, health behavioral, sociodemographic and clinical risk factors of the patients. A total of 90 laryngeal cancer patients and a control group of the same number were enrolled in the study. A case-control, hospital based study design was used. The most important clinical features of the studied laryngeal cancer cases underwent TL were; most lesions site was glottis [56.7%], presented with hoarseness of voice [85.6%] and most of the patients were in stage III [63.3%]. Also, the most important characteristics of the surgery in these cases were 64.4% had TL and primary tracheoesophageal puncture, 88.9% underwent thyroidectomy and 25.6% had preoperative tracheostomy. The +ve reflux symptoms index was significant clinical risk factor [OR=6.77]. Factory worker occupation was significant risk factor [OR=4.65]. The most important sociodemographic risk factors for laryngeal cancer were male sex, urban residence, old age, low social level and low occupational level [ORs= 52.59, 2.43, 2.43, 1.99 and 1.97; respectively]. Further, the most important significant health behavioral risk factors were cigarette smoking, goza smoking and no healthy food intake [ORs= 4.44, 4.25 and 2.74; respectively]. Population based studies are needed in different areas in Egypt and on large numbers of patients to understand the full epidemiology of the laryngeal cancer and quality of life of these patients

Study of the correlation between; nitric oxide profile, degree of liver injury and structural vascular changes of the gastric mucosa in chronic hepatitis C virus related liver diseases

Nitric oxide [NO] plays an important role in HCV associated hepatic dysfunction and in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. This study was designed to correlate serum nitrite and nitrate levels with the degree of liver injury and gastric mucosal changes in HCV patients at different stages of the disease. 80 HCV infected patients were classified equally into 4 groups; chronic hepatitis C, Child A, B and C cirrhosis groups. 20 healthy subjects were allocated as a control group. For all patients, serum nitrite and nitrate levels, HCV RNA and liver test profile were evaluated. Liver biopsies for chronic hepatitis C and Child-A cirrhotic patients were obtained for grading, staging and expression of interferon gamma [INF- gamma] and pentosidine. Esophagogastrodudenoscopy to evaluate the degree of portal hypertensive gastropathy [PHG] and expression of vascular endothelial growth [VEGF] by histopathology. Serum NO profile was significantly higher in all HCV infected patients than healthy subjects. A significant correlation between IFN-gamma expression and both of serum NO and viral load. Also, hepatic pentosidine expression was correlating with staging and fibrosis. Also both of serum NO and gastric VEGF were over expressed and correlating with the degree of PHG. In HCV infected patients, serum NO was significantly overexpressed and correlating with the severity of chronic liver disease. Our study supports the role of direct viral cytopathic effect in HCV patients because of the significant correlation of viral load with both of serum NO and hepatic IFN-gamma expression. Pentosidine might be considered a marker of oxidative stress and fibrosis in chronic HCV liver disease