Biochemical evaluation of chitosan in rats fed high fat-high carbohydrate- diet

This study was designed to evaluate the potential of chitosan at a dosage of 27, 180 and 270 mg/Kg b.w, which equivalent to 300, 2000 and 3000 mg/day human age recommended doses, respectively in rats fed high fat-high carbohydrate [HFHC]- diet for six weeks. The obtained results demonstrated that HFHC-fed rats displayed a significant increase in blood glucose, serum lipid profile, atherogenic index, ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine and uric acid compared to the normal control rats. However, the concomitant administration of chitosan with HFHC-diet for 8 weeks led to a dose-dependant improvement in these pathological changes. The low and medium doses of chitosan were exhibited mild to moderate effects. Only a dose of 270 mg chitosan /Kg b.w was able to maintain these changes at near normal levels and demonstrated its hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic activities

Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress of arsenic and the possible ameliorative effect of Coriandrum Sativum L. in albino rats

This work has been carried out in order to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of Coriander in arsenic - induced toxicity in albino rats. 2,3 Dimercaptosuccinic acid [DMSA] was used as chelating agent. To achieve this purpose, 60 adult albino rats were used and randomly divided into equal 5 groups [12 rats each]. Group 1 served as negative control, group 2 received daily 100 ppm of sodium arsenite in drinking water, group 3 rats received daily oral dose of sod. arsenite and Coriander seeds extract [CSE] [1 g/kg body weight]., group 4 rats received sod. arsenite and oral dose of DMSA [0.05 g/ kg b.w] for 5 days lasted. Group 5 rats received sod. arsenite, Coriander seeds extract [CSE] and DMSA for 5 days lasted. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks and blood samples were withdrawn 4 and 8 weeks after induction of toxicity and different treatments. The antioxidant potential was carried out using the methanolic extract of Coriander seeds. Reducing power assay and Diphenyl picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical scavenging assay methods proved the antioxidant potency of CSE. In-vivo studies using the different biochemical techniques and antioxidant parameters proved that sodium arsenite caused a significant increase in all parameters concerned the liver toxicity while treatment of CSE or DMSA caused an ameliorative effect on this toxicity. Induction of hepatotoxicity by arsenite together with CSE and DMSA proved the synergistic effects of these chelating agents on arsenite toxicity

Prophylactic and curative effect of ginseng roots as hypoglycemic agent in albino rats

The present study aimed to investigate the prophylactic and curative effect of ginseng roots on blood glucose level and evaluate the changes in the antioxidant activity in normal and diabetic rats. Forty eight albino rats weighing 130 +/- 10 g were used in two main experiments i.e. prophylactic and curative. Streptozotocin [STZ] was used to induce hyperglycemia. Korean ginseng roots were purchased from the Egyptian market. Some biochemical and antioxidant parameters were assessed. The obtained results indicated that ginseng roots possessed significant antidiabetic effects in both experiments. The levels of blood sugar, total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, rnalondialdehyde [MDA] and catalase were decreased while the levels of HDL-cholesterol and ascorbic acid were increased in the diabetic rats after treatment of ginseng roots. On the other hand, the level of reduced glutathjone [GSH] did not significantly change

Synthesis of some sulfonylureas of potential herbicidal activity

Carbamic acid 3,4 - dichlorophenyl sulfonyl methyl ester was prepared, interaction with different amines yielded a series of N-substituted-N'-3,4- dichlorophenyl sulfonylureas. Chemical structure was confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, MS, IR and [1]HNMR spectroscopy. A pronounced herbicidal activity against Echinoocloa crus - galli L. Beauv [barnyard grass] was attained by sulfonylureas bearing pyridyl, benzoic acid - 4 - amino- and butyl moieties. Meanwhile, the corresponding phytotoxicity to Oryza straiva L. [rice] was relatively low

prophylactic and curative effects of Ginkgo biloba extract [EGb] against hyperlipaemia affection in albino rats

Herbal medicines are widely used allover the world. They are often perceived as being natural and therefore harmless. Many herbal remedies individually or in combination with different formulations such as leaf, powder, pastes, decoction, infusion, etc. had been recommended to treat various diseases. Many, if not most of medicinal plants contain flavonoids, such compounds has been associated with several beneficial effects such as antioxidants which consider to be a fundamental property important for life. Many of the chronic diseases that affect human have an uneven geographic distribution. Although the general perception that several diseases, specially the various types of cancer, kidney and liver diseases as well as CHD often result from an exposure to pollutants and toxic environmental such as agricultural chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides or even some food additives. The high incidence of CHD is often correlated with high fat, high cholesterol and low fiber diets and also the consumption of fried foods. The environmental and genetic factors play the most critical role in the biological alteration. The aim of this study was to investigate the prophylactic and curative effect of ginkgo biloba against hyperlipaemia as well as hepatorenal function in albino rats

Effect of synthesized niclosamide organophosphortus derivatives on some metabolic aspects of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and its compatibility to Schistosoma mansoni

The Molluscicidal potency of four synthesized Mannich bases and ten organophosphorus derivatives of bayluscide [niclosamide] were determined. Using Biomphalaria alexandrina snail, the intermediate host to Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt, of these derivatives,a single Mannich bases derivative [compound No, 13] showed higher molluscicidal effect than niclosamide, LC[50] 0.4 ppm after 24 hours at 25°C compared with 0.5 ppm for niclosamide. Three other derivatives [No. 15, 12 and 8] showed slightly less effect, their LC[50] 1.9, 3.4 and 4.1 ppm, respectively, Meanwhile, the four compounds showed considerable reducting effect on the cercarial production of schistosome-infected snails previously exposed to LC[5] of each compound before miracidial infection. Thus, the mean periodic number of cercariae/snail [two hours weekly] was found to be 55.8 +/- 41.8, 95.9 +/- 78.9, 162.6 +/- 145 and 209.35 +/- 168.4 cercariae/snail, respectively versus 242 +/- 230.4 and 502 +/- 290.4 in the case of niclosamide-treated and non-treated snails. The effect of the four compounds was tested on the glycolytic enzymes of snails, namely, hexolinase [HK], pyruvate kinase [PK] and glucose phosphate isomerase [GPI]. Much more reduction was recognized in [HK] by compounds No. 8 and 13 in comparison, with niclosamide and nontreated snails, being 2.6 +/- 0.82 and 3.7 +/- 1.6 n moles/min/g tissue versus 3.9 +/- 0.58 and 9.8 +/- 2.7 n moles/min/g tissue in niclosamide-treated and non-treated groups, respectively. PK showed also higher reduction with four compounds namely 15, 13, 12 and 8 compared with niclosamide-treated and non-treated snails, being 0.3 +/- 0.1, 0-.39 +/- 0.29, 0.46 +/- 0.08 and 0.98 +/- 0.138 in comparison with 1.51 +/- 0.52 and 1.8 +/- 0.62, respectively. No considerable change was found in the level of GPI in snails treated with 15, 13, 12 and 8 compounds relative to niclosamide-tested snails. The present results show that reduction in the periodic cercarial production is correlated with the lower level of HK enzyme in treated snails

Effect of honey bee products on normal albino rats

The aim of this work was to study the effect of bee products administration [honey, pollen and royal jelly] on blood sugar and liver function of normal rats. An experiment was conducted for a period of 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected before treatment, then after 8 and 16 weeks. Serum glucose, proteins, lipids and liver enzymes were determined. The results revealed that bee products did not cause harmful significant effects on the previous biochemical parameters and prevented the biochemical disorders during the course of the experiment

Prophylactic effect of honey bee products against hepatotoxicity in albino rats

In this study, rats were subjected to different bee products for 16 weeks, then treated with hepatotoxic agents in order to study the protective effect of these products against hepatotoxicity. Chosen biochemical parameters in serum concerning liver function, liver nucleic acids and mitochondrial enzymes were carried out. Data revealed that the pretreated rats with different bee products for 16 weeks, then treated with hepatotoxic agents were significantly improved

curative effect of some natural products on STZ-diabetic rats

In this experiment, 168 adult albino rats were used to evaluate the curative effect of lupin, fenugreek, mulberry and nabk in streptozotocin diabetic rats. The plants were used individually as well as in a mixture form of equal portions from the different plants. Diamicron and metformin were used as standard reference drugs. The results showed that there were some significant effects on decreasing blood glucose levels in rats suffering from hyperglycemia due to STZ injection. The hypoglycemic activity of the pre-mentioned plants may be due to the presence of active anti-diabetic substances such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and manganese

Biochemical effects of some natural products on normal rats and their protective effects against hyperglycemia

The effect of some plants on hepatorenal functions of normal rats as well as their protective effect against hyperglycemia were studied. Lupin, fenugreek, mulberry and nabk as well as their mixture in equal portions were fed to rats for 16 weeks. Streptozotocin [STZ] was used as a hyperglycemic agent. Blood samples were collected at zero time [before treatment] then after four, six, eight and 16 weeks from treatment and were subjected to some biochemical analyses concerning the hepatorenal functions. The results showed that there was a significant effect of these plants on decreasing blood glucose level of rats. Also, these plants exhibited a pronounced effect as protective agents against hyperglycemia which may be due to the presence of flavonoids, glycoproteins and alkaloids

Preliminary study of the anti diabetic effect of sammo in rats

The dried powdered leaves of sammo plant has been used for a long time by some diabetic patients in the sense that it improved their diabetic state In our study, we tested the effect of the leaves of sammo on the blood glucose level, serum bilirubin, serum oxalecetic transaninase [SGOT], serum pyrvic transaminase [SGPT], serum bilirulin and serum ceratinine in non diabetic and alloxanized diabetic rats. Also histopathologicl examination of the pancreas [using modified aldehyde fuchsin stain], liver and kidney [using Hematoxlin and Eosin stain] was performed. Administration of the dried powder leaves of sammo orally, to non diabetic and diabetic rats in a dose of 1.2 gram/kg/day for 30 days produced significant decrease of the fasting serum glucose when the serum glucose was estimated 15 days and 30 days after administration of the dried powdered leaves of sammo Histopathological examination of the pancreas [using modified aldehyde fuchsin stain] of diabetic rats revealed that the dried powdered leaves produced regeneration of the beta cells of the islets of longerhans similarly hyperplasia of beta cells of the islets of langerhans was demonstrated in the non diabetic rats after administration of the dried powdered leaves of the plant. No toxic effect on the liver or kidney was evidence in non diabetic or diabetic rats after oral administration of the dried powdered leaves of the plant 30 days to non diabetic and diabetic rats, evidence by biochemical and histopathological study. Further investigations, including long term toxicity studies are necessary before it is justifiable to use the dried powdered leaves of the plant by the diabetic patiens

Normal lipoprotein profile of adolescent students

We planned this work to establish the arbitrary normal values of total cholesterol [TC], low density lipoprotein [LDL-C], high density lipoprotein - cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides [TG] among school adolescents, [aged 14 - 21 years] in Mansoura district, 341 normal adolescent students were enrolled in the study through a related questionare including their socio-demographic data.Out of them 201 were sampled for laboratory studies after their constant. The mean values of TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG in males were 155.4, 85.8, 51.3 and 79.6 mg/dl respectively. Their 5th to 95th percentiles were [108.2-219.5], [38.1-138.0], [36.0-70.9] and [32.5-161.7] mg-dl respectively. In females, the corresponding mean values were [123.3-233.8], [57.6-187.2], [32.073.8] and [40.3-134.2] mg/dl respectively. Our levels were compared with the western levels. There were no significant difference regarding variations of these parameters related to their sex, residence, social class or smoking.We hope such data to be of benefit in the determination of the preliminary cut -off values at which the risk of coronary artery disease [CAD] is increased. This will be clearly of help for the ultimate purpose of preventing such disorder later on in life

Serum procollagen type III-peptide in healthy normal subjects and its importance in hepatic patients

Blood samples were collected from healthy normal and hepatic subjects in order to estimate the level of serum procollagen type III- peptide [by RIA technique] as well as liver function tests. Hepatic patient samples were classified into two groups according to the stage of liver injury i.e. early and late phase. Our data revealed that there is a close relationship between the level of serum procollagen and the stage of liver disease. It could be used as a good marker for the differentiation between the two phases of hepatic injury which should helps the treatment of these patients

Prophylactic and curative role of bee products against hyperlipaemia

True floral [normal], false non-floral [artificial] honey, royal jelly and pollen, in comparison with clofibrate, were administered orally to albino rats to study their prophylactic and curative role either during simultaneous feeding of hyperlipemia diet [12 weeks] or after 8 weeks from induction of experimental hyperlipemia. The results proved that the test bee products almost improved and normalized the elevation of serum lipid pattern possibly due to some common components existing within their chemical composition. The data discussed the variations in effects which seemed to be attributed to certain natural components specific to each bee product

Lumpy skin disease in Egyptian cows II-Serum lipids, proteins and renal function

The present study was carried out using eight cows which proved to be suffering from lumpy skin disease [LSD], selected from Tal Abou-Hammad and El-Zaheria, Ismailia Province and the same number of normal healthy cows to evaluate serum lipids, proteins as well as renal function. The significant increase in serum lipids and triglycerides in the late stage of diseased animals [20 days after appearance of LSD] is considered to be a good indicator for LSD. High level of total cholesterol seemed to be a good diagnostic mean of LSD during the acute [5 days after appearance for LSD] and late stage. Serum total protein and albumin values were higher in the late stage compared to either normal or early diseased cows. Creatinine and urea of LSD cows are important parameters in diagnosis of the disease

Relation between cyclosporin circulated level in serum and hepato-renal toxicity in kidney-transplanted patients

Blood samples of kidney -transplanted patients were collected and divided into five groups according to their cyclosporin circulated level in serum [less than 50 up to more than 200 ng/ml].Biochemical parameters of hepato-renal function were carried out. Also, cyclosporin level in serum was determined using RIA method. Our results revealed that there is a close relationship between the circulated level of cyclosporin in serum and hepatorenal function. A signs of toxicity was observed in patients with cyclosprin level over 200 ng/ml

Effect of five ovulatory steroids on blood lipid levels

The daily oral administration of five ovulatory steroids namely: Anovlar-1, Primovlar, Ovral, Microvlar-30 and Nordette for four months induced marked increase in serum total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides. Phospholipids were not increased after Anovlar-1 and Nordette whereas, Ovral and Microvlar-30 caused a short last increase. Primovlar, on the other hand, induced significant elevations in phospholipids started two months after drug ingestion. The data proved that there was no relation between the magnitude of changes in lipid levels and the nature of estrogenprogesterone combination. Moreover, the synergistic effects could not be excluded