Validation of Persian version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire in Islamic Republic of Iran

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to validate the first Persian version of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire. The study sample comprised 61 patients regularly attending the outpatient infectious disease clinic consultation centre for patients with behavioural disorders in 2013-2014. The internal consistency, content related validity and reliability of WHOQOL-HIV BREF were evaluated. Content validity was quantified using the content validity ratio [CVR] according the to Lawshe formula. CVR > 0.51 and mean judgment > 2 were significant at P = 0.05. The Cronbach alpha score was > 0.7 for each domain and = 0.87 for the whole scale, indicating good reliability. Item-to-total correlation coefficient between each item and its respective domain was 0.39-0.87. The correlation between each domain and overall QOL was excellent. This study demonstrates that the Persian version of WHOQOL-HIV BREF is a valid and reliable tool for evaluation of QOL in HIV-infected patients

[ quality and quantity assessment of marital satisfaction in addicted people and their husbands or wives who came to the addiction treatment clinic]

Addiction is an ominous social process that affects badly on quality of addicts' lives and their families. The factors that lead to unsatisfaction of addicts's spouses in addition to the factors that define quantity and quality of satisfaction should be known because the knowledge lead to formation of positive senses and motivations for giving up opium derivates. Thus, we decided to define the amount of satisfaction and it's correlation with age, sex, education, kind of opium derivates, duration of addiction, etc, in addicted ones and their spouses. Among addicts referred to renouncement clinics of Mashhad in 2004-2005, 146 subjects consist of addicted ones and their spouses agreed to fill the questionnaire which has been confirmed by a group of specialists. We decided to assess the correlation between marital satisfaction and age, sex, education, kind and duration of addiction in addicts and their spouses. For definition the questionnaire reliability we used alpha- Cronbach. Satisfaction quantities were classified by using Z. score. Among 146 subjects in three groups [90 addicted husbands and nonaddicted wives in group 1, 26 nonaddicted husbands and addicted wives in group 2, 30 addicted husbands and wives in group 3] marital satisfaction level was moderate. There was not significant difference between the marital satisfaction of husbands who were addicted and their wives who were nonaddicted, mostly [p=0.76]. Correlation between marital satisfaction of addicts and their ages [p-0.012], kinds of opium derivates [p= 0.045], and their educations [p=0.029] were meaningful. Marital satisfaction of addicts and their spouses were assessed moderately that is contrary to the destructive effects of addiction on the basis of family. Thus, there must be the personal or manneral causes leading to this finding. Cooperation of addicted people and their partners for treatment of addiction based upon health programs specially, when this manner leads to renouncement and a happy, fortunate and without opium life is probable cause of getting moderate level of marital satisfaction in them

[Study on Neisseria gonorrhoeae antibiogram and its resistance to Quinolones and third generation Cephalosporins in men with gonococcal urethritis]

Gonococcal urethritis is one of the most common STDs in men, which in spite of expanded antibiotic therapies, is widespread over the world, the incidence of cases resistant antibacterial components is among the causes for recurrence of gonococcal diseases. This study aims at determining sensitivity of gonococcus to common antimicrobial in its treatment such as Penicillin, Sephalesporins, felodokinolos. Therefore, in this study in vitro-evaluation resistance of this organism to different antibiotic especially 3[rd] generation which have been used as selected medicine for the treatment of gonococcal infections in recent years and cases resistant to the treatment have been report recently was conducted as a background for clinical trials. In this study, the in vitro resistance rates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to various antibiotics by using disk diffusion methods have been assessed. The study is a cross sectional descriptive one, on 200 culture positive samples during 2 years [2003-2004] in medical laboratory. For analyzing of data, chi-square test was used. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics were as follows: Ampicillin: 96%, Amoxicillin: 92.5%, Co-timoxasole: 92%, Gentamycin: 89%, Amikacin: 88%, Erythromycin: 85%, Penicillin: 75.5, Tetracycline 59.5%, Ciprofloxacin: 46.5%, Cefixime 15%, and Ceftriaxone 2.5%. The result showed that ceftriaxone and probably other Sefalosparins of 3[rd] generation including oral and injections is, presently, the sole group that can be considered as a select drug. Felorokinolons which were regarded as an effective drug until very recently, have lost their importance. This result is in conformity with regional and international studies. Hence, conducting experimental test, particularly E. test E pisilometery test and determination of [minimal inhibitory MIC concentration] and later clinical experiences at fixed intervals can contribute to diagnosis of resistance of Neisseria to antimicrobial component ion oerliminary stages that can decrease irrational consumption of drug in the treatment of clinical syndrome of Nesseria gonorrhea