Origin, course and distribution of the venae cordis in the rabbit and goat [comparative study]

The venae cordis in both the rabbit and goat were represented by 1-V. cordis magna, 2-V. cordis media, 3-Vv. cordis dextrae and 4-Vv. cordis minimae. In the rabbit, the origin of the V. cordis magna from the ventral aspect of the V. cava cranialis sinistra was more diverse than in the goat, in which it constituted the cranial continuation of the Sinus coronarius. In both animals, the V. cordis magna vascularized the Ventriculus sinister through R. intermedius and Rr. proximales ventriculares sinister. Moreover, it drained the two ventricles by R. interventricularis paraconalis. It also branched off the R. Proximalis atrii sinister to vascularize the Atrium sinistrum. In the rabbit, the V. cordis media was derived directly from the Atrium dextrum, however, in the goat it splited from the Sinus coronarius. It drained the two ventricles, moreover, it participated the preceding vessel to vascularize the Septum interventriculare via several small Rr septales. In the rabbit, the Vv. cordis dextrae were demonstrated as two slender vessels, however, in the goat, they were 4-5 considerable ones, which converged to constitute a main trunk. They diverged from the Atrium dextrum to drain it as well as the Ventriculus dexter. As an adjunct to the preceding vessels, several minute ones [Vv. cordis minimae being intcrvented within the myocardium of the four chambers and emptied into the cavity of the ventriculus dexter as well as the Atrium dextrum

Venous drainage of the gastrointestinal tract in the goat

The venous drainage of the gastrointestinal tract in the goat was performed by means of three main vessels; V. gastroduodenalis, V. lienalis and V. mesentrica cranialis. The former, vascularized the duodenum and abomasum. The V. lienalis drained the four compartments of the stomach. The V. mesentrica cranialis conveyed the venous blood from the small intestine and the ascending colon. The present study revealed that the venous blood of the transverse and descending colons was drained by the V.mesentrica caudalis which is considered as a collateral branch of the V. mesentrica cranialis. The study also demonstrated a considerable amount of venous anastomises within the entire wall of the abomasum, formed between the gastric branches of the V. gastrica sinistra, V. gastroepiploica sinstra, V. gastrica dextra and V. gastroepiploica dextra. The suitable sites for surgical approach in case of ruminal and reticular affections were also described

Some anatomical studies on the ligaments of the genual articulation of the goat

This work was conducted on 20 amputated pelvic limbs of medium sized animals. The material was treated by ordinary routine methods used for fixation and preservation of anatomical specimens, using 10% neutral formalin to which 4% phenol have been added. The origins, structures and insertions of the various ligaments and muscles associated with the genual articulation were thoroughly described. The results were discussed