[ effect of glucose and glutamine supplementation on some serum growth factors in non-athlete males during four weeks exhausting endurance-intermittent training]

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glucose and glutamine supplementation on two serum growth factors, GH and IGF-I, in non-athlete males during four weeks of exhaustive endurance - intermittent training that causes glycogen depletion. 20 non-athlete healthy males were selected and randomly assigned into four groups including: glucose supplementation with glycogen depletion training group [n=5, supplement 1], glutamine supplementation with glycogen depletion training group [n=5, supplement 2], glycogen depletion training group [n=5, placebo], and a group without any treatment [n=5, control]. The blood samples were collected at the onset of the training protocol, and 48 hours after final training session from anticubital venous. Serum GH and IGF-I concentration were determined by ELISA technique. The main and interaction effects of variables were determined using TWO WAY ANOVA compeleted with Tukey post-hoc test. The significant level was chosen as alpha =0.05. The results showed the significant effect of training variable for serum IGF-I concentration, [p<0.01]. Post-hoc test showed the significant difference between supplement 1 with control groups [p<0.01], and placebo with control [p<0.01]. The effect of training variable was not significant for serum GH concentration. In addation, the effect of supplementation variable was not significant neither for serum IGF-I, nor serum GH concentration. Also, the interaction effect between the two variables was not significant. The results suggested that glucose or glutamine supplementation does not have significant effects on serum GH and IGF-I concentration after four weeks, but four weeks glycogen depletion training causes an increase on the serum IGF-I

[Quantification of 4-hydroxyisoleucine content in treated and untreated fenugreek seeds using GC]

There are some reports regarding antidiabetic activity of 4-hydroxyisoleucine, however its hypoglycemic property must be proven completely before presentating as a new drug. Preparing suitable amount of 4-hydroxyisoleucine is nesessary for supporting in vivo studies. The purpose of the present study was isolation of 4-hydroxyisoleucine, comparing 4-hydroxyisoleucine content in two samples of Fenugreek seeds collected form two distinct parts of Iran and finally the effect of germination and supplementation by isoleucine on 4-hydroxyisoleucine yield. 4-hydroxyisoleucine was successfully isolated passing seed amino acid extract through ion exchange and silica gel column and then crystallization on methanol. 4- hydroxyisoleucine content in various samples was assessed by GC. Seeds from Northwestern of Iran had higher amount of 4-hydroxyisoleucine in comparison to Central Iran. Furthermore yields from germinating seeds were 2 folds higher than the dried seeds, and could be increased 6 fold by inclusion of isoleucine supplement in the irrigation water. simple procedures can be engaged for improving yields of 4-hydroxyisoleucine isolated from fenugreek up to six-fold by using of germinated seeds supplemented with isoleucine