[Identification of fungal isolates from conjunctival sac in healthy goats]

Fungi are present as normal flora in the surface of the eye of healthy animals but under certain conditions may cause disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the fungal isolates from the conjunctival sac of clinically normal goats and determine the effect of host age and sex on the isolates. A total of 140 swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of 70 healthy goats. The selected animals were of both male and female and divided into two age groups. The samples were inoculated in sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and incubated at 25[degree sign]C for 21 days. Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test. In total, 6 different fungal genera were identified in 26 [37.14%] goats and 36 [25.7%] eyes. The isolates included Penicillium spp.- 14 eyes [38.88%], Scopulariopsis spp.-11 eyes [30.55], Aspergillus fumigates - 4 eyes [11.11%], Fusariumspp. -3 eyes [8.33%], Mucorspp. -3 eyes [8.33%] and Alternariasp. -1 eye [2.77%]. The sex of goat had significant effect on frequency of fungal isolation [p<0.01]. The fungal species isolated in this report are comparable with studies on ruminants. The present study is the first report of fungal flora of normal caprine conjunctiva

Electrocardiographic parameters of Markhoz goat using base apex lead and six standard limb leads

Electrocardiographic study of 50 healthy Markhoz goats ranging from less than 1 to more than 3 years in age was carried out. The heart rate varied from 99 to 123 beats/min with a mean of 110 beats/min. There was a significant difference between the heart rate of goats in 3 age groups [[P<0.05]. The mean duration of P and T waves and QT interval in base apex lead, QRS wave in lead I, P-R and PQ interval in aVF lead were higher and duration of QRS and T waves in aVR lead, P wave in lead III, PQ and P-R intervals in lead II and QT interval in aVR lead were lower than those in the other leads. The mean duration of QT interval had significant changes with age [P<0.05]

prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in horses of the Sanandaj area

Cardiac arrhythmias, caused by disorders in the generation and transmission of cardiac impulses, is included among the heart disorders that cause inefficient blood circulation. The most commonly-used method for diagnosing this disorder is electrocardiography. In this study, we aimed to identify and diagnose different types of arrhythmia prevalent among the seemingly-healthy horses of Sanandaj City, with particular regard to breeds specific to this region. The researcher took electrocardiograms of 50 horses in Base-Apex, including Kurdish purebreds [n = 4], Arab purebreds [n = 20], and hybrid horses [n = 26; 35 male and 15 female overall]. The results of the electrocardiograms showed arrhythmias in 16 [32%] out of all the horses in this study. Of these, 23% of the stallions, 10% of mares, 40% of the Kurdish purebreds, 8% of the Arab purebreds, and 26% of hybrid horses suffered from arrhythmias. Different types of arrhythmia diagnosed included sinus arrhythmia [10%], sinus tachycardia [8%], wandering pacemaker [8%], and first degree atrioventricular block [6%]. The frequencies of arrhythmia in horses found in this study were similar to the results of other researchers. It is important to distinguish between physiological and pathological arrhythmias in horses after diagnosis, since arrhythmias can have a great impact on exercise performance

Detection of anti-E coli, rota virus and corona virus antibodies in sera samples of diarrheic and normal calves under 1 month of age

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence anti- E. coli, -rotavirus and -corona virus, in calves' sera. A total of 184 calves under 1 month of age [84 diarrheic and 100 normal] was studied. Serological tests including: direct ELISA for detection of anti-K99 E. coli, - rotavirus and - corona virus and tube agglutination test for detection anti-O157 E. coli, antibodies were used. Data were analyzed by chi-square, fisher test and t-student tests. Anit-K99 E. coli antibodies were detected in 56% and 66% of diarrheic and normal calves, respectively. Tube agglutination test showed the presence of anti- O157-E. coli antibodies in 82% and 69% of diarrheic and normal calves respectively. Anti-rotavirus antibodies were detected in 100% and 99% of diarrheic and normal calves, respectively. Anti- corona virus antibodies were detected in 82% and 72% of diarrheic and normal calves respectively. Conclusion: The results of the present study may indicate the high exposure of the examined dairy cattle population to E. coli, rotavirus and corona virus and also the absence of correlation between such serological responses with the prevention of calves' diarrhea