Syndactyly and polydactyly in a mixed-breed dog

Polydactyly is the congenital presence of one or more extra digits. The extra digit often does not contain a full complement of bones. Unilateral syndactyly and polydactyl mixed-breed dog was used as a case study. A three-month old unvaccinated intact female mixed breed dog weighing 8 kg, presented with a deformity of the left forepaw was used for this study. The deformity had been present since birth according to the owner. During physical examination the dog was given a lameness score of 0/5 for the affected limb. A complete blood count, and serum biochemistry did not reveal any abnormalities. Radiographs of both distal forelimbs were obtained. These showed Fused 2[nd] and 3[rd] metacarpal bones, a rudimentary metacarpi and a hypoplastic digit located on the axial side of the distal end of the left forelimb. As a result of the lameness score of 0/5 and the owner's lack of interest, a decision was made to monitor the condition and consider surgery once the dog had grown larger. It seems this is the first case of polydactyly associated with syndactyly and the rudimentary metacarpal bone

[Anatomic and radiographic study of coronary arteries in caspian miniature horses]

The Caspian miniature horse is one of the rarest small horse breeds in Iran. It is an Iranian breed with a small conformation compared to other breeds. In this study, the coronary arteries of six Caspian miniature horses older than two years were studied. The origin, distribution and possible anastomoses of their branches were noticed. Three excised hearts were convoluted and injected with rodopas resin to obtain arterial casts. The other three hearts were injected with gelatin choromopaque and were subsequently radiographed. The injected hearts and casts were carefully dissected and photographed. This study showed that the pattern of distribution of coronary arteries is almost similar to that of ordinary horses. No anastomoses were observed between branches of the left and right coronary arteries

case report of left thoracic duct in a donkey

Thoracic duct is a duct that drains the lymph from the cisterna chily into the venous angle of the cranial vena vava. Thoracic duct in the horse is situated on the right side, but in rare cases the left thoracic duct has been reported. In this report the course and left position of the thoracic duct in an embalmed donkey is described. Regarding many anatomical similarities between horse and donkey it seems that the existence of left thoracic duct in donkey should be considered as a rare condition

case report of vertebral variation in caspian miniature horse

Seven Caspian miniature horses, aged above two years, were used for this study. The skeleton of these horses were cleaned and prepared using appropriate techniques. The vertebral column was studied and photographed. The vertebral column in one of these horses showed variations in thoracic, lumbar and sacral region. The vertebral formola was C[7], T[19],L[5],S[6] and a pair of 19[th] rib was fused with the last thoracic vertebra. There are no reports regarding variation in vertebral column of the miniature horse. Like the other equine, the vertebral column of the Caspian miniature horse may show some variation regarding the number of vertebrae in different region of vertebral column

Anatomical study of thoracic duct in Caspian miniature horse

Location and course of thoracic duct in thethorax of Caspian miniature horse. Descriptive study. Three Caspian miniature horses, above twoyears old, were used for this study. Horses were embalmedafter euthanasia by exsangunation.Thorax was dissected oneither sides and different structures including thoracic ductwere determined, painted and photographed. The courseand relation of the thoracic duct to adjacent structures werestudied. In two miniature horses, the duct was situated onthe right side, passed cranially and opened in cranial venacava at the venous angle. In one horse the duct was on theleft side on its entire course. The anatomical position, relation and courseof the thoracic duct in two miniature horses which was onthe right side was similar to ordinary horse. However inone horse the duct was totally situated on the left. Thiscondition is very rare and uncommon in horses