RESUMO
The prevalence of urinary calculi is estimated to be 1-5% worldwide and it is the third most common problem in urology clinics after urinary tract infection and prostate diseases. To identify the different risk factors of urinary stone disease among a sample of patients attended the public urological clinics in Assiut city. Case - control study of 500 patients with different stone burden matched with 500 controls between August 2009 and August 2010 at the departments of urology of Assiut City public Hospitals. Mean age of cases was 46.39 +/- 17.40 years while it was 43.68 +/- 20.67 years for controls. 56.2% of cases and 55.8% of controls were males, with no significant difference between cases and controls [P> 0.05]. 78.0% of cases and 85.2% of controls were rurals with significant difference [P = 0.002]. On the other hand 89.2% of cases and 78.2% of controls were consuming < 2 liters water /day with significant statistical difference between them [P = 0.001]. There was a high significant difference between cases and control regarding consumed food stuff rich in calcium salts and proteins [P= 0.000]. More than half of cases [55.2%] and 2.8% of controls had family history of urinary stone [P< 0.000]. 33.0% of cases were obese, versus 17.0% of controls, [P = 0.000]. There was a high significant difference between cases and controls regarding medications with aspirin, calcium, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone [P<0.000]. There was no significant difference between cases and control regarding regular intake of vitamin C [P=0.675]. There was a highly significant difference between both groups in having previous history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, atherosclerosis [P=0.000]. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding history of urinary tract inflammations, gout, liver disease, and history of bilharziasis [P>0.05]. regarding the anatomical sites of stone; 50.0% of stones were renal, 23.8% ureteric, 9.6% vesical and 16.6% were in more than one site. The majority of cases 74.7% had recurrence stone formation [1-3 times]. A complete profile of the risk factors leading to the cause of a particular patient's stone-formation can be identified and corrected. Increased water intake reduces the risk of recurrence of urinary calculi and prolongs the average interval between recurrences. A low-salt, low-meat, moderate-calcium diet is more effective at limiting stone recurrence.