[Determination of reference values for serum HDL-cholesterol concentration in Ahwaz Ethnic groups]

Serum HDL cholesterol concentration may be affected by different factors. One of this factors is the race of each person. Therefore we studied HDL - cholesterol reference range in different ethnic groups in Ahwaz by regard to age and gender. Serum samples were drown from 601 males and 617 females randomly. This population was divided into main groups according their ethic [i.e Lor, Arab and Persian]. Each group was subdivided on the basis of age to three Subgroups [1-15,16-54and >54 years]. Serum HDL - cholesterol was determined with colorimetric method. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences [SPSS] software [version 17.0]. Mean HDL - cholesterol Concentration in age subgroups of females was statistically different. [P<0.0001].While in males it was not apparent relationship between mean concentration Of HDL - Cholesterol concentration in age subgroups [P=0.630]. In male subgroups, mean HDL-cholesterol was significantly different [P<0.05]. Lor individuals had the highest and Arab individuals had the lowest mean HDL-cholesterol concentration. But in females such relationship was not seen. [P=0.743]. In male group the reference range of HDL cholesterol is affected by race and in female group the reference range of HDL-cholesterol is affected by age

[ effect of apple vinegar on blood glucose control and lipid profile in rats]

Regarding the recent evidence suggesting the effect of apple vinegar on reduction of postprandial blood glucose, this study was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of apple vinegar on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], and lipid profile in healthy and diabetic rats. 31 wistar male rats were assigned into 4 groups as follows: the healthy control, apple vinegar-fed healthy, diabetic control, and apple vinegar-fed diabetics. Streptozotocin was used to induce diabetes in rats. The control groups received standard rat food, while the treatment groups received mixed 6% apple vinegar and standard rat food for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, HbA[1c] and lipid profile [total cholesterol [TC], triglyceride [TG], LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol] were measured before and after the intervention. Fasting blood glucose did not change with the consumption of apple vinegar. However, HbA[1c] in diabetic group decreased significantly compared with pre-intervention [P<0.05] and control-diabetic group [P<0.05]. In healthy group with the uptake of apple vinegar, reduction of LDL [P<0.005], and increase of HDL [P<0.005] were observed compared to pre-intervention and with healthy control. In diabetic group with the uptake of apple vinegar significant reduction of TG [P<0.005] and significant increase of HDL [P<0.05] were observed compared to the control group. The results of this study showed that uptake of apple vinegar improve lipid profile in healthy and diabetic rats, and reduces HbA1c in diabetic rats

Effect of apple cider vinegar on postprandial lipaemia in healthy adults

Postprandial lipaemia refers to the acute period of dietary lipid absorption, transport and distiribution, which has been associated with the process of atherosclerosis. There is some evidence that apple cider vinegar and acetic acid could reduce serum lipids in rat and mice, but the effect of vinegar on blood lipids in humans has not been investigated. This study, using a randomized crossover design, was carried out to investigate the effect of apple cider vinegar on postprandial plasma lipids in sixteen healthy adults. On two separate occasions, subjects randomly consumed the fat-rich meal containing 0. 5 g fat/Kg body weight, with 15cc diluted apple cider vinegar or water [as control], each time 3 venous blood samples, fasting, 4 and 8 hours after test meal ingestion were taken. Samples were analyzed for plasma triglyceride, cholesterol and HDL-C concentrations and LDL-C was calculated. Area under the curve [AUC] of TG was calculated using the trapezoid rule. Statistical analysis was carried out using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-test [SPSS version 11]. The concentrations of TG was significantly [p<0. 05] increased after both meals but there was no difference between meals for postprandial responses and TG AUC after both meals were similar [820. 75 +/- 326. 66 mg/dl. 8h versus 850. 88 +/- 385. 66 mg/dl. 8h]. Also, vinegar had no effect on the postprandial responses of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C. The present study showed that consumption of a single dose of apple cider vinegar with a fatty meal had no effect on the postprandial lipid response in healthy adults. However, to investigate the chronic effects of vinegar on blood lipids of human subjects, further work is recommended

[ effect of white vinegar on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and lipid profile in normal and diabetic rats]

There is evidence suggesting a lowering effect for vinegar on postprandial blood glucose concentrations. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of vinegar on fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and lipid profiles in healthy and diabetic rats. Male wistar rats were divided into four groups: the healthy control, healthy fed with white vinegar, diabetic control, and diabetic fed with white vinegar, groups. To induct diabetes, Streptozotocin was used. For a period of 4 weeks the control groups received standard food and the treatment groups received white vinegar-mixed pelleted food [6%]. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and lipid profiles were measured before and after intervention. White vinegar had no significant effect on fasting blood glucose and HbA1c in either the healthy or diabetic group. Statistical analysis of data showed that in the healthy group fed white vinegar there was a significant decrease in LDL-cholestrol [LDL-C] and a significant increase in HDL-cholestrol [HDLC]. Also, there was a significant increase in HDL-C compared with healthy control group. White vinegar reduced TG/LDL-C and HDL-C/LDL-C ratios in healthy rats, 44.5% and 25.8%, respectively. The diabetic control group showed a significant increase in triglyceride [TG] along with a significant decrease in HDL-C. However, the diabetic group fed with white vinegar showed a significant decrease in TG compared to the control diabetic group. TG/LDL-C and HDL-C/LDL-C ratios increased in diabetic control group but not in the diabetic group fed white vinegar. The results of this study clearly indicate that consumption of white vinegar for four weeks could have significant favorable effects on the lipid profiles of healthy and diabetic rats

[Effect of calcium supplementation on the lipid profiles of overweight or obese women: a double blind randomized clinical trial]

There is some evidence suggesting a probable beneficial effect of calcium intake on serum lipid profile. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 1000 mg calcium supplementation for 30 days on serum lipid profiles in overweight or obese women. A double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in 44 overweight or obese adult women [Body mass index >/= 25 kg/m2, age: 25 +/- 6 years] randomly assigned to the calcium [receiving 1000 mg elemental calcium per day] or the placebo group. Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins including triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, ApoA-I and Apo B were obtained at baseline and after the intervention period. Freidwald equation was used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol was calculated from TG divided by 5. Dietary calcium and energy intake were estimated using 24 hour recall for 3 days. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software [version 9]. P values < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. No significant differences were observed in dietary, anthropometric and serum variables between the two groups at the baseline. Although all serum total-, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides tended to increase in both study groups, total cholesterol elevation was only significant in the placebo group [p=0.01], and triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol only showed significant increase in the calcium group [p=0.03]. LDL cholesterol elevation was significant in both groups [p<0.05] HDL cholesterol decreased significantly in both groups [p<0.01]. Apolipoproteins did not change significantly in the study groups. No significant differences were observed in serum variables between groups after intervention. In the present study short term calcium supplementation in overweight or obese women's showed no beneficial effect on lipid profiles. Because of the limited studies available, further studies are recommended