[Sleep problems in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder]

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. 20-50% of ADHD affacted children have sleep disorders which can cause cognitive and behavioral disorders. This study was done to determine the sleep problems in children with ADHD. In this case control study, 52 children with ADHD was considered as cases and 52 school age children without ADHD as a control group in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2013. Sleep habits [CSHQ] and DSM-IV questionnaires were filled for each child. Sleep problems were observed in 45 [86.5%] and 36 [69.2%] of children in case and control group, respectively [P<0.05]. The mean score of sleep problems in case and control group was 48.25 +/- 6.61 and 45.87 +/- 6.23, respectively [P<0.05]. The score of resistance to sleep, anxious habits of sleep and waking during night in cases were more than controls [P<0.05]. Sleep problems in children with ADHD are more frequent than children without ADHD

[Effect of motivational interviewing on weight loss]

Background and Objective: Obesity presented as the most pivotal public health problem. Motivational interviewing is a client-centered and direct technique to improve intrinsic motivation of people to change behavior using search and resolve ambivalence that its beneficial outcomes have widely been confirmed. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of motivational interviewing on weight loss in women

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 150 women with overweight and obesity were randomly divided into control, motivational interviewing and motivational interviewing and intention implementation groups. Data were collected through a researcher made questionnaire at baseline and 2 month follow up

Results: The score of protection motivation theory constructs including susceptibility, severity, rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy and cost were significantly increased in the two intervention groups compared to the control group [P<0.05]. Anthropometric characteristics were significantly reduced in the motivational interviewing and motivational interviewing with intention implementation group [P<0.05] in compare to the control group [P<0.05]

Conclusion: Motivational interviewing integrated into intention implementation causes weight loss and increase the constructs score in women

Reference values for Blood Pressure of healthy schoolchildren in Shiraz [Southern Iran] using Quantile Regression

The Reference values of systolic and diastolic Blood Pressure [BP] levels of school children aged 6-11 years by two different analytic strategies are presented and compared. From the cross-sectional study a total of 2064 children [52.3% boys and 47.7% girls] aged 6-11 years living in Shiraz [southern Iran] and considering their sex and height were used for this analysis. Polynomial Regression [PR] and Quantile Regression [QR] models based on Restricted Cubic Spline [RCS] were performed to calculate age and height specific reference ranges. To assess comparability of the two techniques, a chi-square goodness-of-fit within sex and age groups was preformed for each method. Both statistical methods generated reference values of systolic and diastolic BP using data from apparently healthy children. Analysis of data by two approaches reflected an increase in BP measurements with age and height in both sexes based on a nonlinear manner up to age 11. We found 50th and 95th percentile differences by two methods in BP level between the tallest and the shortest individuals, ranging from 2-7 mmHg. Using the QR model based on RCS offered the most flexible and better fit than PR model. The advantages of the QR led to a better adaptation of reference limits to the original data. This statistical approach might be preferable for the calculation of reference ranges in particular by non-normal distributed variables. Our results might help clinicians reach a consensus on the definition of hypertension in Iranian children living in Shiraz, south of Iran

[Estimation of fetal weight by Janson's formula]

Background and Objective: fetal weight and gestational age are important factors in evaluation of neonatal safety and basic prediction factors in outcome of pregnancy and satisfactory criterion in decision of management in obstetrice and neonatalogy. Therefore finding a method for pridiction of fetal weight is critical. The present study employs, detect on value of Janson's formula in prediction of fetal weight

Materials and Methods: in this analytic study, 223 pregnant women who had a safe, live, singleton fetus, with cephalic presentation were admitted to labor ward at Dezyani hospital. Medical or obstetrical complication was excluded. Subjects selected by purposive sampling

For collecting data: first, using the same flexible tap measure calibrated in centimeters by using this tap, the fundul height was measured. The fundual height was also taken in Janson's formula and estimated weight was also calculated each cases. The actual weight of post delivery was measured immediately. Data analysis was done by correlation test paired T-test

Results: this study shows mean estimated fetal weight [3730+/-546] were higher than the actual birth weight [3270+/-429]

Conclusion: this study indicates that Janson's formula is not a good way to estimate fetal weight

[Neural tube defects in newborns and relation with consanguineous marriage, ethnicity and mother's age in Gorgan]

Background and Objective: neural tube defect is one of the most important malformations of the newborns. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of NTD, anencephaly, spina-bifida cystica, encephalocele and the relation of these abnormalities with sex, ethnicity, mother's age and consanguineous marriage in north of Iran [Gorgan]

Materials and Methods: a cross-sectional study was done on 26280 birth in Dezyani Hospital in Gorgan during 1998-2001

Results: this study has showed that, the NTD rate was 3.08, 2.78 and 3.38 per 1000 in total, males and females, respectively, female to male ratio was 1.31. The rate of spina-bifida, anecephaly and encephalocele were 1.48, 1.48, 0.11 per 1000, respectively. In regard to different races, the rate was 6.78/1000, 4.76/1000 and 2.41/1000 among Turkmans, Systani and native Fars, respectively [P<0.05]. The rate of NTD in the mothers under 20 years was 2.29/1000, in 20-34 years was 3.37/1000 and over 35 years was 2.54/1000. Interstingly, 29.6% of parents with affected newborns had consanguineous marriage

Conclusion: we concluded that there is a higher rate of NTD in this, area, that it might be due to race-ethnicity variations