RESUMO
Background and purpose: Residents across the world spend several hours every week teaching medical students and junior residents. Workshops developed with the aim of improving resident teaching skills are becoming increasingly common in the various fields of medicine. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of a resident-as-teacher educational intervention on the resident's knowledge of medical education
Methods: The study was performed in SUMS, Iran, in 2010-2011 on all the junior residents from the different fields, including 104 men and 66 women. For data collection, a questionnaire [pre-test, post-test] was used with 40 questions on medical education. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, tables and t test employing the SPSS software
Results: In total, 120 participants completed the questionnaires. According to the pre-test and post-test results, residents received extremely low scores in different subjects before the course implementation, whereas after it was implemented their scores had significantly increased fairly well. The comparison between the participants, average scores before and after the program indicates that the "resident-as-a-teacher, researcher and role model" course has been meaningful and significantly effective in improving their knowledge in this area
Conclusions: A few residency programs had instituted the resident teacher training curricula. A resident teacher training workshop was perceived as beneficial by the residents, and they reported improvement in their teaching skills
RESUMO
As application of chemical fertilizers has been recognized to cause pollution soil, water and agricultural products, today bio-fertilizers are an alternative to mineral fertilizers for increasing soil productivity and plant growth in sustainable agriculture. To determine the effects of biological and chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative yield of Shirazian Babooneh [Matricaria recutita L.]. This study was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications and six treatments along 2009-2010. The treatments were A [Control or no applying fertilizer], B [Bio-fertilizer as Nitroxin+ 53 Kg/ha chemical fertilizer], C [Bio-Super nitro plus and Nitroxin + 35 Kg/ha chemical fertilizer], E [Bio-fertilizer as Bio-sulfur] and F [106 Kg/ha chemical fertilizer]. The fertilizer treatments had significant effects on plant height [p<0.05], plant dry weight [p<0.05], capitol diameter [p<0.01], fresh weight of capitol per ha [p<0.01], dry weight of capitol per ha [p<0.05], essential oil yield per ha [p<0.01], chamazulene content [p<0.01] and total flavonoid content [p<0.01]. The chemical fertilizer had not significant effect on qualitative and quantitative yield of Shirzian Babooneh and the lowest qualitative and quantitative yield of Shirazian Babooneh was related to control [A] and chemical fertilizer [F] treatments. Although, the application of bio-fertilizers significantly increased the yield in respect of all studied parameters, the highest dry weight of capitol and content of essential oil were observed in biosulfur [E] treatment. The application of the bio-fertilizers increased qualitative and quantitative yield of Shirazian Babooneh and Bio-sulfur treatment was the best treatment. Also, the application of the bio-fertilizers can be in order to reduction in application of chemical fertilizers in agro-ecosystem which is attitude toward minimize of environmental pollution and sustainable agriculture