Cardiac autonomic modulation during progressive upper limb exercise by patients with coronary artery disease

The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) during different loads of resistance exercise (incline bench press) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and healthy sedentary controls. Ten healthy men (65 ± 1.2 years, control group, CG) and 10 men with clinically stable CAD (66 ± 2.4 years, CADG) were recruited. A discontinuous progressive protocol was applied with an initial load of 10 percent of the maximum load achieved in the 1RM (1 repetition maximum) with increases of 10 percent until 30 percent 1RM was reached, which was followed by subsequent increases of 5 percent 1RM until exhaustion. HRV was analyzed by linear and non-linear methods. There was a significant reduction in rMSSD (CG: 20 ± 2 to 11 ± 3 ms; CADG: 19 ± 3 to 9 ± 1 ms) and SD1 indexes (CG: 14 ± 2 to 8 ± 1 ms; CADG: 14 ± 2 to 7 ± 1 ms). An increase in HR (CG: 69 ± 5 to 90 ± 5 bpm; CADG: 62 ± 4 to 75 ± 4 bpm) and in systolic blood pressure (CG: 124 ± 3 to 138 ± 3 mmHg; CADG: 122 ± 6 to 126 ± 9 bpm) were observed (P < 0.05) when comparing pre-effort rest and 40 percent 1RM in both groups. Furthermore, an increase in RMSM index was also observed (CG: 28 ± 3 to 45 ± 9 ms; CADG: 22 ± 2 to 79 ± 33 ms), with higher values in CADG. We conclude that loads up to 30 percent 1RM during incline bench press result in depressed vagal modulation in both groups, although only stable CAD patients presented sympathetic overactivity at 20 percent 1RM upper limb exercise.

Avaliaçäo de testes de ELISA para diagnóstico sorológico de infecçöes pelos sorotipos 3, 5 e 7 de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae em suínos / Evaluation of ELISAs for the diagnosis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infections serotypes 3, 5 e 7 in pigs

Compararam-se dois antígenos no teste de ELISA para o diagnóstico sorológico dos sorotipos 3, 5 e 7 de A. pleuropneumoniae prevalentes no Brasil. Um compunha-se de da fase aquosa da extraçäo fenólica de suspensäo bacteriana (FAF) e o outro de lipopolissacarídeos de cadeia longa (LPS-CL). Com esses antígenos foram padronizados ELISAs monovalente e polivalente para os sorotipos prevalentes no Brasil. Com os resultados dos testes de um conjunto de amostras de soro de suínos livres de infecçäo para A. pleuropneumoniae e um conjunto de amostras de soro obtidas de leitöes inoculados com os sorotipos citados e que apresentaram soroconversäo, determinaram-se as equaçöes discriminantes para os conjuntos de soros e compararam-se os testes quanto à distância generalizada de Mahalanobis, ao coeficiente de determinaçäo, ao teste F, ao coeficiente global, à sensibilidade e à especifidade. Na análise desses parâmetros observou-se que o antígeno FAF foi superior. Com o ELISA PFAF reaçöes positivas näo esperadas foram observadas com animais inoculados com os sorotipos heterólogos 2 e 9, näo observadas com o PLPS-CL. A sensibilidade dos testes polivalentes ficou entre 91,5 e 95,7 por cento com especifidade similar, indicando que ambos os testes säo adequados para triagem sorológica uma vez que detectam os sorotipos 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8