RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of four risk assessment tools for identifying low Bone Mineral Density [BMD] in a sample of Pakistani females
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study including 200 females above 40 years. DXA scans were performed. Subjects were categorized into low risk and high risk categories for low BMD on the basis of T scores. Questionnaires were filled and risk indices were calculated for all subjects. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated, Receiver Operating characteristic [ROC] curves were plotted and Area Under Curve [AUC] were obtained
Results: A total of 200 females including 174[87%] postmenopausal, and 26[13%] premenopausal were included. Average age was 60.76+/-10.52 years with average age of menopause being 47.64+/-6.63 years. In terms of sensitivity, specificity and AUC, the WHO risk assessment tool FRAX showed the best performance with a sensitivity of 79%, specificity 94% and AUC of 0.869 for detecting low BMD
Conclusion: It is not cost effective to use DXA for screening purposes. We propose that risk assessment tools such as FRAX may be utilized to identify individuals with low BMD. This may prove beneficial in minimizing the medical and social burden that fragility fractures pose to developing health care systems
RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the olfactory fossa depth and to categorize it according to Keros classification
Methodology: It was a cross sectional study done on 270 adults , 160 males and 110 females at Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi using CT Para nasal sinuses. The depth of olfactory fossa was evaluated by measuring the height of lateral lamina of cribriform plate
Results: The mean and standard deviation[SD] of right olfactory fossa depth was greater than that of left 6.184+/-1.8237mm and 5.949 +/-1.8003mm [p value 0.006] respectively. Mean +/- [SD] for left olfactory fossa depth was greater in females [6.215+/-1.9271] than in males [5.766+/-1.6896] [p value 0.043]. Keros type II was found to be the most frequent on both right and left sides that is, in 69.26% and 72.96% individuals respectively followed by type III on right side in 18.15% and on left side in 15.19% subjects. Type I was found to be the least frequent in our population with a value of 12.59% on the right side and 11.85% on the left side
Conclusion: Our study shows that most of the population falls in the high risk categories of Keros that is type II and type III thus emphasizing the need of preoperative radiological assessment
RESUMO
Objective: To determine the length and diameter of celiac trunk by using Multidetector computed Tomography Angiography [MDCTA] and to find its association with gender
Methodology: 160 individuals, 85 [53.1%] males and 75 [46.9%] females] without any vascular or upper abdominal visceral disease who presented to Radiology Department, Ziauddin University Hospital, Clifton, Karachi, for abdominal 3D MDCTA from March, 2017 to August, 2017 were recruited in this study. Length and diameter of both classical and non-classical celiac trunk was measured. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 20. All variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. Independent T test was applied. Correlation analysis by using Pearson.s correlation was applied to test the relationship between variables. P-value
Result: The difference between mean length of classical celiac trunk and non- classical celiac trunk was significant [P =0.005].The difference in mean length [P = 0.007], and mean diameter [P = 0.007] of classical celiac trunk between males and females was significant. A weak positive association [r = 0.247] was found between length and diameter of classical celiac trunk [P = 0.004]. A moderate positive association [r = 0.401] was found between length and diameter of non-classical celiac trunk [P = 0.043]