Vibration pattern of different ednosonic instruments

This research was done to study the vibration patterns and displacement amplitudes of different designs endosonic files both in air and in water, to explain their efficiency and correlate it to their clinical performance. Three types of endosonic enlarging files were used in this study, namely, the K-type and the Diamond coated files. Three brands and three sized of each type were investigated. One source of vibration "ultrasonic unit" was used with all the files studied. The study was done by means of a traveling microscope and a stereo-microscope. It resulted in 30 detailed vibration patterns [in air and in water]