Psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8)

Abstract Background: Children and adolescents are considered a population at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a traumatic event. The Children's Revised Impact Scale (CRIES-8) is a self-report scale with 8 items that investigates avoidance and intrusion behaviors related to posttraumatic stress symptoms. Objective: The study consisted of translation and transcultural adaptation of CRIES-8 to Brazilian Portuguese and evaluation of its psychometric properties. Methods: A sample of 235 Brazilian children and adolescents exposed to natural hazards (drought or flood) and non-exposed children participated in the study. The methodological procedure for translation and cultural adaptation were in accordance with the principles described by ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. We also evaluated test reliability and validity based on test content, the relations to other variables, and internal structure. Results: The procedures lead to a final Portuguese version proofread and cultural-adapted. Empirical evidence supports CRIES-8's division in two latent constructs (Intrusion and Avoidance), as well convergence correlations with other measures of child mental health and high reliability. Discussion: A Brazilian-Portuguese version of CRIES-8 is an important tool for a better screening of PTSD among youth who face traumatic events, being a potential informative instrument to identify children at risk.

Morte, sonhos e individuação / Death, dreams and individuation

A proximidade da morte pode ser considerada um evento singular capaz de propiciar sentidos relevantes e propósitos concretos para o processo de individuação. Sua presença exige um cuidadoso trabalho de avaliação e reconstrução dos sentidos existenciais, tanto de vida quanto de morte. Este artigo busca, por meio do estudo de caso, discutir as repercussões do enfrentamento da morte no simbolismo onírico e sua relação com o processo maior de individuação. Observou-se que os sonhos demonstraram o esforço do Self para integração e maior conscientização da totalidade psíquica do participante e, para uma profunda transformação que atendia aos princípios da individuação pessoal.

Death imminence might be considered a peculiar event able to provide some relevant meanings and purposeful aims for the process of individuation. Itdemands a careful assessment and also evaluation and reconstruction of the existencial meanings of life and death. This article discusses the effects of death imminence in dream symbolism and its relationship with the major process of individuation through a case study. The dreamwork exposes the effort of the Self for integration and provides the participant a higher awareness level of this psychic totality. It also demonstrates a profound transformation, which was in harmony with the principles of personal individuation.