RESUMO
It has been demonstrated in recent studies that abnormal levels of adipocytokines may contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the potential role of the adiponectin to leptin ratio [A/ L ratio] as a biomarker for atherosclerosis and glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients. The serum levels of adiponectin, leptin were measured simultaneously by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Their levels and ratio were correlated to CRP, glycemic status and lipid profile in 60 type 2 diabetic patients compared to 30 healthy subjects. We found a significant higher leptin and C-reactive protein [CRP] with lower adiponectin and A/L ratio in non-controlled type 2 diabetes comparing to health and controlled diabetic patients. Moreover, obese subjects had higher Leptin with lower adiponectin and A/L ratio than non-obese subjects. Persons with complicated diabetes mellitus were higher among uncontrolled DM; they had higher leptin with lower A/L ratio compared to non complicated diabetic patients. Leptin was negatively correlated to adiponectin [r= -0.63]. Atherogenic index was positively correlated to leptin [r= 0.778] and negatively correlated to adiponectin [r= -0.756] and A/L ratio [r= -0.713]. Moreover, A/L ratio correlated negatively to CRP, HbAlc, FBG and BMI. This study confirms the role of adiponectin and leptin levels in DM control and severity of dyslipidemia. We found A/L ratio is better than each marker alone to evaluate atherogenicity in DM and may serve as an anti-atherogenic index and may be act as a new marker of metabolic control for individuals with high risk of cardiovascular complications of atherosclerosis in type II diabetes