Craniofacial ossification in rat fetuses following prenatal exposure to dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides

Pesticides, including insecticides, occupy a unique position among many chemicals that man encounters daily for the purpose of pest control in all agricultural programs. In fact, most of such chemicals are not highly selective and constitute potential hazard to many non-target species including man and other animals. The present study aimed to study the teratogenic effects of both dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides on the ossification of craniofacial bones in albino rat fetuses. In this study, fifty female albino rats were allocated to ten groups [5/each group]; control, low dose dimethoate 1/40 LD50 [8.25 mg/kg], medium dose dimethoate 1/20 LD5O [16.5 mg/kg], high dose dimethoate 1/10 LD50 [33 mg/kg], low dose carbosulfan 1/40 LD50 [5.2 mg/kg], medium dose carbosulfan 1/20 LD50 [10.45 mg/kg], high dose carbosulfan 1/40 LD50 [20.9 mg/kg], mixed low doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan, mixed medium doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan, and mixed high doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan. Animals of all groups were sacrificed in the morning of 20[th] day of gestation. Then all specimens were stained with alizarin red stain for evaluation of ossification of skeletal system. The results of the present study revealed that both dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides, had a deleterious effect on the ossification of craniofacial bones and that the most affected bones were supraoccipital, presphenoid, and interparietal bones. These effects were marked in the high doses and mixed low dose groups. It is concluded that the deleterious effects were increased with the increasing dose of either dimethoate or carbosulfan insecticides and that the mixture of low doses had an effect near to that of medium and sometimes high doses

Teratogenic effects of dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides on albino rat fetuses

The present study deals with the teratogenic effects which occur in albino rat fetuses after intragastric administration of different doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides, either separately or in combination, to pregnant albino rats. In this study, fifty female albino rats were allocated to ten groups [5/each group]; control, low dose dimethoate 1/40 LD50 [8.25 mg/kg], medium dose dimethoate 1/20 LD50 [16.5 mg/kg], high dose dimethoate 1/10 LD50 [33 mg/kg], low dose carbosulfan 1/40 LD50 [5.2 mg/kg], medium dose carbosulfan 1/20 LD50 [10.45 mg/kg], high dose carbosulfan 1/40 LD50 [20.9 mg/kg], mixed low doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan, mixed medium doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan, and mixed high doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan. All pregnant females in mixed medium doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan group died between 9th and 11[th] day of gestation, while those in mixed high doses of dimethoate and carbosulfan died between 8th and 10[th] day of gestation. Animals of all groups were sacrificed in the morning of 20th day of gestation. The external manifestation of poisoning with dimethoate and carbosulfan, embryolethality, live and dead fetuses, placental weight, external abnormalities of fetuses, fetal weight, crown-rump length, biparietal diameter had been monitored. The results of the present study denoting that both dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides, had a deleterious effects on embryolethality in the form of increased percentage of preimplantation loss, an increased percentage of resorptions, and decreased percentage of live fetuse. Also, both dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides had a deleterious effects on fetal growth in the form of reduction of, fetal weight, crown-rump length, and biparietal diameter. It is concluded that dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides had a deleterious effects on fetal growth and embryolethality, this effect is dose-related, and that the mixture of low doses had an effect near that of medium and sometimes high dose of dimethoate and carbosulfan insecticides

Study of atrial natriuretic peptide in patient with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases

The present study was carried out to study the changes in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP] in asthmatic children and in cases with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and to correlate these changes with the ventilatory and cardiac functions in the COPD group. About 105 subjects were selected from Pediatric and Chest Departments, Benha University Hospital. They were classified into 20 asthmatic children [Group A[1]], who were reinvestigated 4 weeks after treatment [Group A[2]]. Their age ranged from 1.5 to 11 years old. This group of patients was compared with 15 healthy children matched for the same ages and sex. Another 60 patients with COPD were subclassified into 3 subgroups. Subgroup I: included 20 cases on hospital admission with acute infective exacerbation [subgroup la], those cases were reinvestigated 6 weeks after medical treatment [subgroup Ib]. Subgroup II included 20 patients with COPD cor-pulmonale and right-sided heart failure. Subgroup III: included 20 patients with COPD without cor-pulmonale. Their age ranged from 40 to 74 years old. This group of patients were compared with 10 healthy subjects matched for the same ages and sex. For all groups, plasma ANP was done while ventilatory functions and echocardiography was done for COPD group only. The main results of this study, showed that plasma ANP was significantly elevated in asthmatic children compared with the control group but, it was significantly higher in subgroups A[1] in comparison to subgroup A[2]. In the COPD group, ANP was significantly elevated in all subgroups. The highest level in subgroup la, the lowest level was in subgroup III. ANP was significantly elevated in subgroup II in comparison to Ib and III subgroups. Also, ANP was correlated with mean pulmonary artery pressure [PAP], surface area of right atrium [RASA], right atrial diameter [RAD], right ventricular diameter [RVD] and right ventricular anterior wall [RVAW] diameter. The decrease of ANP in subgroup Ib was associated with improvement in the ventilatory and cardiac functions. We could conclude that; ANP was elevated and correlated with the severity of the disease in both asthmatic and COPD cases. Also, it was correlated with the degree of PAP, right atrial and right ventricular dimensions. So, ANP may give a new meaning in the future for the treatment of both asthmatic and COPD cases