Preliminary pharmacological study of the pterocarpans macckian and trifolirhizin isolated from the roots of ononis vaginalis

Preliminary pharmacological study was conducted for the pterocarpans macckian [Mac] and trifolirhizin [Trif]. The two compounds isolated from Ononis vaginalis were tested for their hepatoprotective effects against CCU[4] induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Activity was accessed by measuring liver enzymes and NP-SH groups. Estrogenic activity was expressed as increase in uterine weight of young female rats. Rat paw edema as a model of acute inflammation induced in Wistar rats using carragenan was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity. Percentage inhibition of the aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate [ADP] to platelets-rich plasma [PRP] obtained from rats was used as measure for antiplatelet aggregation effect. The aglycone Mac was only more active than the glycoside Trif in the anti-inflammatory assay. It resulted in 65.7% reduction in carregeenan induced rat paw edema compares with 79.8% reduction by indomethacin at the same molar concentration. The activity of Trif was about half of that of silymarin in reducing the elevated levels of liver enzymes at the same molar concentration. About 10 fold molar concentration of Trif produced about half fold increase in uterine weight produced by 17 beta estradiol

Flavonoids from morus nigra L. grown in Saudi Arabia

The ethyl acetate extract of Morus nigra L. leaves grown in Saudi Arabia afforded three known flavonoids; kacnipferol, Kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [astragalin] and quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [isoquercitrin]. The Structures were determined utilizing different physical, chemical and spectroscopic data

Phytochemical and biological study of the aerial parts of lotus lalambensis growing in Saudi Arabia

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Lotus lalambensis Schweinf resulted in the isolation and identification of 20 known compounds. Liquid-Liquid fractionation of the crude extract followed by chromatographic purification resulted in the isolation of lupeol, beta-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, beta-sitosterol glucoside and stigmasterol glucoside from the petroleum ether fraction. The chloroform fraction afforded heptadecanol, kaempferol [1], kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside [2], lotaustralin [3], epilotaustralin [4], linamarin [5], kaempferol-3,7-di-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [kaempferitin] [6] and ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside [7]. From the ethyl acetate fraction three simple rhamnosyl derivatives; butyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [8] methyl-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [9] and methyl-O-beta-L-rhamnopyranoside [10] were obtained. Kaempferol-3-0-beta-D-glucopy-ranoside-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [11], kaempferol-3-O-alpha- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1""->2'"]- L-rhamnopyranoside]-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside [12], kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-[1""->2'"]-L-rhamnopyranoside] [13] and the myo-inositol [+] D-pinitol [14] were isolated from the butanol extract. The total extract and different fractions were evaluated for their possible estrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelets aggregation activities. The chloroform extract showed the highest estrogenic activity, while the petroleum ether was the best in protection against inflammation induced by carrageenan. The strongest inhibition of platelet aggregations was observed with the aqueous fraction

GC/MS analyses, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities of the volatile constituents of three clematis species growing in Saudi Arabia

A comparative study of the volatile constituents of three Clematis species growing in Saudi Arabia namely Clematis hirsute Guillemin and Perr, C simensis Fresen and C wightiana Wallich was carried out using GC/MS technique. Protoanemonin, eugenol and butylated hydroxyltoluene were the most abundant common constituents in the three species. Volatiles of Clematis hirsute and C simensis showed closely similar MIC when tested against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. While those of C. wightiana were less active. Similarly, the anti-inflammatory activity of C. wightiana was less than that of the other two species

GC/MS analysis of the fatty acids of three Clematis species growing in Saudi Arabia and their anti-inflammatory activity

A comparative study of the fatty acid contents of three Clematis species growing in Saudi Arabia namely Clematis hirsuta, C. simensis and C. wightiana was carried out This comparison was preformed by GC/MS technique. Plamitic acid represented the major fatty acid in the three species. The anti-inflammatory activity of the three species was also conducted. The petroleum ether fraction of the ethanol extracts exhibited the highest activity