RESUMO
Background & objectives: The National Prevalence Survey of India (2019-2021) estimated 31 per cent tuberculosis infection (TBI) burden among individuals above 15 years of age. However, so far little is known about the TBI burden among the different risk groups in India. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis, aimed to estimate the prevalence of TBI in India based on geographies, sociodemographic profile, and risk groups. Methods: To identify the prevalence of TBI in India, data sources such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched for articles reporting data between 2013-2022, irrespective of the language and study setting. TBI data were extracted from 77 publications and pooled prevalence was estimated from the 15 community-based cohort studies. Articles were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines and were sourced using a predefined search strategy from different databases. Results: Out of 10,521 records, 77 studies (46 cross-sectional and 31 cohort studies) were included. The pooled TBI prevalence for India based on the community-based cohort studies was estimated as 41 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.5-52.6%] irrespective of the risk of acquiring it, while the estimation was 36 per cent (95% CI 28-45%) prevalence observed among the general population excluding high-risk groups. Regions with high active TB burden were found to have a high TBI prevalence such as Delhi and Tamil Nadu. An increasing trend of TBI was observed with increasing age in India. Interpretation & conclusions: This review demonstrated a high prevalence of TBI in India. The burden of TBI was commensurate with active TB prevalence suggesting possible conversion of TBI to active TB. A high burden was recorded among people residing in the northern and southern regions of the country. Such local epidemiologic variation need to be considered to reprioritize and implement-tailored strategies for managing TBI in India.
RESUMO
Background & objectives: Globally, mental disorders are rising with increasing urbanization. India has the world’s second-largest tribal population and it is critical to appreciate the mental health problems in this population. However, the extent of mental health issues among tribal populations is unknown. Against this background, we systematically reviewed community-based studies on mental health issues among tribal populations in India. Methods: Online databases PubMed, Embase, ProQuest databases and Google Scholar were searched and articles published between January 1990 and May 2021 including primary community-based quantitative observational studies focused exclusively on tribal population were retrieved. PRISMA guidelines were followed and this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020178099). Results: A total of 935 articles were identified, of which 63 were selected for full-text review, and finally, 11 studies were included. Seven studies examined alcohol use disorder with a pooled prevalence of 40 per cent. Two studies reported on suicidal attempts. A few studies mentioned anxiety, depression and other mental health conditions. Interpretation & conclusions: This systematic review established that a few community-based primary studies were conducted on mental health issues among tribal populations over the last three decades. Among these, fewer studies focused exclusively on tribal communities. The studies differed in their study design and the tools used. The findings of these investigations highlighted a limited range of mental health issues, primarily alcoholism, anxiety, depression and suicide.
RESUMO
Background: Depression is a commonly prevailing condition that goes undetected in clinical settings. Both abdominal obesity and periodontal disease have a bearing on mental health and have an impact on the quality of life. Objective: To assess the level of clinical depression in abdominally obese subjects with periodontal disease. Methods: Two hundred and ten subjects with a mean age of 37.45 ± 9.59 years (males = 117; females = 93) were grouped as per their abdominal obesity and periodontal status and assessed for their clinical depression levels (mental health) using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies?Depression Scale (CES?D). Collected data were analysed. Results: The clinical depression score significantly varied in subjects with different periodontal status in both non?obese (F (2,102) = 113.66, P < 0.0001) and abdominally obese subjects (F (2,102) = 132.04, P < 0.001). Significantly higher depression score was demonstrated in healthy (P < 0.001), gingivitis (P < 0.001), and periodontitis (P < 0.001) groups in abdominally obese subjects. Conclusion: Clinical depression is significantly associated with abdominal obesity and periodontal disease in subjects with abdominal obesity and severe periodontal disease demonstrating higher depression scores