Lovastatin reduces stemness via epigenetic reprograming of BMP2 and GATA2 in human endometrium and endometriosis

Objective: The stem cell theory in the endometriosis provides an advanced avenue of targeting these cells as a novel therapy to eliminate endometriosis. In this regard, studies showed that lovastatin alters the cells from a stem-like state to more differentiated condition and reduces stemness. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lovastatin treatment could influence expression and methylation patterns of genes regulating differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells [eMSCs] such as BMP2, GATA2 and RUNX2 as well as eMSCs markers

Materials and Methods: In this experimental investigation, MSCs were isolated from endometrial and endometriotic tissues and treated with lovastatin and decitabin. To investigate the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of eMSCs treated with the different concentration of lovastatin and decitabin, BMP2, RUNX2 and GATA2 expressions were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. To determine involvement of DNA methylation in BMP2 and GATA2 gene regulations of eMSCs, we used quantitative Methylation Specific PCR [qMSP] for evaluation of the BMP2 promoter status and differentially methylated region of GATA2 exon 4

Results: In the present study, treatment with lovastatin increased expression of BMP2 and RUNX2 and induced BMP2 promoter demethylation. We also demonstrated that lovastatin treatment down-regulated GATA2 expression via inducing methylation. In addition, the results indicated that CD146 cell marker was decreased to 53% in response to lovastatin treatment compared to untreated group

Conclusion: These findings indicated that lovastatin treatment could increase the differentiation of eMSCs toward osteogenic and adiogenic lineages, while it decreased expression of eMSCs markers and subsequently reduced the stemness

Development of a probe consist of three cosmids to enumerate the chromosome 13 on uncultured lymphocytes or amniocytes using interphase FISH

To produce a reliable probe suitable for aneuploidy detection of chromosome13 on uncultured lymphocytes and amniocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH], we used a contig of three overlapping cosmids mapped to 13q12.3. The cosmid DNA carrying the expected sequences of human chromosome 13 was isolated from host cells and labelled with biotin-11-dUTP. The hybridization and detection conditions with FITC-Avidin were optimised using a series of cultured and uncultured lymphocytes and amniocytes. Intensive signals were detected when a combination of three overlapping cosmids was used to enumerate the chromosome 13 on interphase nuclei. An average of 87 and 85.5 percent of interphase cells prepared from lymphocytes and amniocytes showed accurate number of specific signals for chromosome 13. The results obtained in present study indicate that the probe was capable of detecting the copy number of chromosome 13 on interphase cells prepared from peripheral blood or amniotic fluid cells providing that the uncultured amniotic fluid cells are free of cytoplasmic residues, RNA and protein debris