Immunization of mice with crud extract of saccharomyces boulardii yeast induces cross-reactive immune responses with antigenic preparations from different develop-mental stages of the schistosoma mansoni and reduces the parasite worm burden

Immunization of mice with Saccharomyces boulardii crude extract caused a significant reduction in Schistosoma mansoni worm burden [23.7%; P = 0.02] in comparison to control mice. Mice sera collected after the 1st immunization showed a significant increase [P < 0.05] in both IgM and IgG against parasite soluble cercarial antigenic preparation [CAP] than unimmunized mice sera [UMS]. Upon 2nd immunization, sera from yeast extract immunized mice [YIM] showed increase of IgM and IgG [1.6 and 1 fold] against CAP than UMS. Sera collected 2, 4 and 6 weeks [W] after infection of YIM with S. mansoni cercariae showed higher 1gM [1.4, 1.5 and 1 folds] and IgG [0.9, 1.2 and 1.1 folds] levels against CAP than sera of infected UM [IUM]. When compared to sera from UM, a week post lst and 2nd immunization sera showed a significant elevation [P < 0.05] of both IgM and IgG to parasite soluble adult worm antigenic preparation [SWAP]. Sera collected at 2, 4 and 6W after infection of YIM with parasite cercariae showed higher 1gM [11, 1.3 and 1.2 folds] and IgG [1.2, 1.1 and1.3 folds] reactivities against SWAP than sera of IUM. One week post 1t and 2 immunization with the yeast extract, sera showed a significant increase [P < 0.05] of both 1gM and IgG levels against parasite soluble egg antigen when compared with sera from UM. At 2 and 4W post infection, sera from immunized infected mice showed a significant decrease in IgM [P < 0.05] but the decrease of IgG [0.7 fold] was not significant when compared to IUM. Six weeks post infection the decrease in both antibodies remained but it was significant for IgG [P < 0.05] but not for IgM [2.1 folds] when compared with IUM. Immunization with S. boulardii extract caused a non-significant increase [1.2 folds] in mesenteric lymph node [MLN]-CD4+T cells, significant elevation of MLN-CD8+T cells [P < 0.05] and a non-significant increase [0.9 folds] of B-cells when compared to that of UM. Also, Immunization with S. boulardii extract caused 1 fold elevation in both CD4+ and CD8 +/- T lymphocytes in thymus of YIM when compared with their counts in thymus of UM

Humoral and cellular immune responses induced in mice by purified iridoid mixture that inhibits penetration of schistosoma mansoni cercariae upon topical treatment of mice tails

When tested for possible blocking effect on the cercarial, serine proteinase, elastase [CE] activity, an iridoid mixture extracted from leaves of Citharexylum quadrangular abolished 31% of the enzyme activity at final concentration l5 micro g. When formulated in jojoba oil and applied to mice tails followed by infection with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the iridoid mixture blocked cercarial penetration and caused significant reducetion [94%; P < 0.05] in worm burden in treated mice in comparison to controls. Also, immunomodulatory effects of iridoid mixture, iridoid-treated S. mansoni worm homogenate on mice were studied by measuring IgG and IgM levels against E. coil lysates [ECL], solube S. mansoni worm antigenic preparation [SWAP] and cancer bladder homogenates [CBH] as antigens by ELISA. Cellular immune responses were studied by calculating mean percent of CD4+, CD8 +/- T, B-mesenteric lymph node cells [MLNC] and CD4+, CD8 +/- T thymocytes by direct immuno-fluorescence staining in treated mice as compared to untreated homogenate given mice or untreated mice. Injecting mice with serial dilutions of iridoid mixture resulted in fluctuation, peaks and troughs, in both IgG and IgM responses against the above mentioned antigens. lst and 2nd immunizations with iridoid mixture treated homogenate resulted in significantly elevated [P < 0.05]. 1gM and IgG levels against the 3 used antigens in comparison with sera from control mice. Immunized mice with homogenate treated with iridoid mixture showed a significant increase [P < 0.05] in CD4+T thymocytes, a non significant increase in CD8+T thymocytes, a significant increase [P<0.05] in CD4+T lymphocytes [MLNC] and a non significant increase in CD8+T- and B-lymphocytes [MLNC] compared with mice immunized with untreated homogenate or non-injected normal mice