Effect of addition Triticale on the Degradability kinetics of Potato plant waste silage.

The objective of this investigate was effect of different levels of triticale on potato plant waste silage degradability byGas production. This technique by mixtures of filtered rumen liquid of five Holstein male cattle in times of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were performed. The resultreported that gas volume at 16h and 24h incubation of control treatment, were33.7 ml/200mg DM and 39.05 ml/200mg DM respectively. The gas test, from soluble fraction (ac%), and from insoluble fraction (bc%), rate constant of gas production during incubation (cc%) and the potential gas production (a+ bc%) contents of control treatment were 11.1, 47.7, 0.02 (ml/h) and 58.1 ml/200mg DM, but for treatment 6% were 21.9, 55.25, 0.04 (ml/h) and 77.15 ml/200 mg DM. According to data, potato plant waste silage could use as an excellent source of dietary nutrient in ruminant animals.

Role of Antibiotic in Ruminant: Review.

The aim of this study was evaluate of Antibiotics in Ruminant Animals. There have been developing controversies surrounding the use of antibiotics as growth promoters for food animals. These components are used at low doses in animal feeds and are investigated to improve the quality of the product, by a lower percentage of fat and higher protein content in the meat. Other advances of the use of antibiotic growth-promoters include control of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli and enterococci. Antibiotic growth promoters enhance the efficiency of nutrient utilization, improving retention of Nitrogen and Phosphor and decreasing excretion when nutrient intake matches requirements, therefore, Use of any antibiotic is related by the selection of resistance in pathogenic bacteria and it has been argued that the use of antibiotic growth-promoters imposes a selection pressure for bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics that may be used in clinical or veterinary practice, therefore compromising the continued use of antimicrobial chemotherapy. This paper studies the use of antibiotics as growth promoters and then examines some of the alternative methods for achieving meat of high quality.

[Internal evaluation of audiology department, faculty of rehabilitation, Tehran university of medical sciences, Iran]

Internal Evaluation means assessment of abilities and potentials. To promote the quality of education, research, health and finally rehabilitation is one of the most important roles and responsibilities of the universities. Promotion of quality of the theoretical and practical education for the Audiology students provides this major with its final goal that is to serve society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats [SWOTs] of the Audiology department and to identify the ways of diminishing weaknesses and threats. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on undergraduates, postgraduates, graduates, academic staff, and the director of Audiology department in 9 areas, including management flowchart, educational programs, instructional methods and curriculum models, students, educational areas and equipments, graduate, academic staff, research, and treatment. Data were collected by questionnaires. Results were analyzed descriptively and were expressed in raw and percentage. The scores of areas in two measures were as follows: management flowchart 4.36 [87.31%], educational programs 4.17 [83.58%], instructional methods and curriculum models 4.01 [80.26%], students 3.43 [68.60%], educational areas and equipment 3.60 [72.11%], from the view of undergraduates, post graduates, faculties, graduates 3.60 [72.03%], academic staff 4.03 [80.6%], research 3.52 [70.4%], and treatment 4.54 [90.80%]. The highest score was, therefore, of the treatment area and the lowest belonged to the educational area and equipments. The score of the Audiology department, as the main factor was 3.89 out of 5 which was 77.88%. Audiology group total score indicates the desirable status that can be promoted to the most desirable if SWOTs are considered

[Competing sentence test [CST] results in patients with cerebrovascular accident [CVA]]

Objective: As the cerebrovascular diseases [CVD] are among the most common anomalies that are directly or indirectly affecting the auditory cortex, studying in this area is important. We tried to evaluate the function of CANS in a group of 50-70 years old cerebrovascular accident [CVA] patients with no hearing complaint by competing sentences test [CST] as a dichotic speech test

Method and Material: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Loghman-e-Hakim hospital between 22, august 1999 and 20, July 2000 in a group of 30 normal 50-70 years old persons and a group of 40 patients with CVA including 30 patients with abnormal CT scan and 10 patients with normal CT scan

Results: The results point out the mean scores of CST in the normal group were at normal range [80-100%] in both ears. And mean scores of CST decreased in the patients groups. There were significant difference between mean scores of CST in the patients with CVA and control groups

Conclusion: CST seems to be a valuable test in the CANS test batteries for the cerebrovascular diseases