Frequency of hepatitis D virus infection in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive liver diseases

To determine the frequency of HDV among hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive liver disorders. An observational cross-sectional study. Medical Unit I, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana, from July 2003 to June 2008. Adult patients with HBs liver related disorders were evaluated for the presence of delta antibodies using commercially available ELISA kits. Descriptive statistcs were used for describing data. Proportions of anti D antibodies between gender and age were compared using chi-square test with significance at p < 0.05. Of the 774 cases, 438 were males [60.4%] and 336 were females [39.6%]. The mean age was 36.5 +/- 14.39 for males and 34.03 +/- 13.16 years for females ranging from 15 to 60 years. Anti-HDV was positive in 183 patients [23.6%].The frequency of HDV was not significantly different between the gender groups [p=0.718]. HDV infection was markedly higher in chronic than acute liver disorders. The HBV/HDV co-infection is frequent in the studied area. Therefore, practitioners and health care managers should be made aware of the risk of dual infection with HBV and HDV

Diagnostic validity of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP] is defined as an ascitic fluid infection without an evident intra-abdominal surgically treatable source. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP] is one of the severe complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Without early antibiotic treatment, this complication is associated with high mortality rate, so early diagnosis and treatment of SBP is therefore necessary for survival. Leukocyte esterase dipstick test can rapidly diagnose the SBP. Objectives were to find out the diagnostic accuracy of leukocyte esterase dipstick test for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This cross-sectional, validation study was conducted from January 2009 to June 2009 at Medical Unit-II, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. All the Patients with cirrhosis and ascites of either gender were included in this study. Paracentesis were performed on admission. The ascitic fluid obtained at bedside was immediately tested with reagent strip Multistixregistered 10 SG. Ascitic fluid was then analysed for PMN cell count. The result of reagent strip was compared with ascitic fluid PMN cell count for determination of sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the test, while taking ascitic fluid PMN count >/= 250/mm[3] as standard for diagnosis of SBP. Leukocyte esterase dipstick read positive from +1 to +3 reaction while negative and trace reaction regarded as negative test result. Total ninety four patients were enrolled in this study. Ninety-four Ascitic fluid samples were obtained. SBP was diagnosed in 52 [55.3%] patients, 42 [44.7%] patients were negative for SBP by manual cell count. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of leukocyte esterase dipstick test to diagnose SBP were 92%, 95%, 96%, 90% respectively. The leukocyte esterase dipstick test can be used as rapid test for diagnosis of SBP due to its high diagnostic validity