Protective effect of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis.

A hospital-based, pair-matched, case control study was carried out at Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur to estimate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included 412 incident cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, which were born onwards 1962. Each case was pair-matched with one control for age, sex and socio-economic status. Controls were selected from subjects attending study hospital for conditions other than tuberculosis and leprosy. The significant protective association between BCG vaccination and pulmonary tuberculosis was observed (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.35-0.63). The overall vaccine effectiveness was 53% (36.5-65.3%). BCG vaccine was non-significantly more effective in age less than or equal to 20 years, among males and in upper and middle socio-economic stratum. The overall prevented fraction was estimated to be 38.6% (24.2-43.6%). Results of this study, thus, demonstrated a moderate effectiveness of BCG vaccination in prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis in study population.

Effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination in the prevention of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: a case control study in Nagpur, India.

A hospital-based, pair matched, case control study was carried out to estimate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in the prevention of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included 126 incident cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (diagnosed by WHO criteria) below/equal the age of 12 years. Each case was pair matched with one control for age, sex, socio-economic status. Controls were selected from subjects attending study hospital for conditions other than tuberculosis and leprosy. The significant protective association between BCG and childhood pulmonary tuberculosis was observed (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.68). The overall vaccine effectiveness was 61% (95% CI = 32%, 78%). BCG was nonsignificantly more effective in underfives, among males and in upper-middle socioeconomic strata. The overall prevented fraction was estimated to be 47.53% (95% CI = 21.41%, 67.25%). Results of this study thus demonstrated a moderate effectiveness of BCG vaccination in prevention of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in a Central India population.

Effectiveness of Bacillus Calamette Guerin (BCG) vaccination against genital tuberculosis: a case-control study.

A hospital-based pair-matched case-control study was performed at Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, to estimate the effectiveness of Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination against genital tuberculosis. The study included 48 cases of genital tuberculosis in the age group of 21-34 years and an equal number of controls, matched for age and socioeconomic status. The estimates of vaccine effectiveness and prevented fraction were higher for the subjects in the age group of 21-30 years and subjects from middle strata of socioeconomic class. The overall vaccine effectiveness and prevented fraction was estimated to be 75 (38.85-89.79) and 49.99 (17.46-74.55) per cent respectively. Results of this study thus indicate that BCG vaccination is effective against genital tuberculosis.

Effectiveness of bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculous meningitis: a case-control study.

A hospital-based pair-matched case-control study was carried out at Government Medical College Hospital, Nagpur to estimate the effectiveness of bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination against tuberculous meningitis. The study included 92 cases of tuberculous meningitis in the age group of 0-12 years and equal number of controls, matched for age, sex and socio-economic status. The protective effectiveness and prevented fraction were higher for the subjects in the age group of 0-6 years, males and subjects from upper strata of socio-economic class. The overall vaccine effectiveness and prevented fraction were estimated to be 86.54% (70.38-93.88%) and 65.54% (39.22-80.64%) respectively. Results of this study thus indicated that BCG vaccination was highly effective against tuberculous meningitis and played significant role in its prevention, in this population.

Effectiveness of bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination against extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: a case-control study.

A hospital-based pair-matched case-control study was carried out at Govt. Medical College Hospital, Nagpur, to estimate the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. The study included 125 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in the age group of 0-30 years and 375 tuberculosis free control. Each case was pair matched against three separate controls for age, sex and socioeconomic status. The protective effectiveness and prevented fraction were higher for the subjects in the age group of 0-10 years, males and subjects from middle and upper strata of socio-economic class but it was statistically nonsignificant. The overall vaccine effectiveness and prevented fraction was estimated to be 80.86 (72.68-86.60) and 53.20 (41.97-63.73) per cent respectively. Results of this study thus indicated that BCG vaccination was highly effective against extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and played a significant role in its prevention in this population.