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Objective: The study was aimed at evaluating the folkloric use of the Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb) bark for its hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activity against dexamethasone-induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by dexamethasone administration 10 mg/kg, b. wt., s. c for 11 consecutive days to all group animals (except Group I). After confirmation of diabetes, the animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I: Vehicle control treated with normal saline only, Group II: Diabetic control treated with dexamethasone only, Group III: Standard control treated with dexamethasone plus glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o), Group IV and V: Test control received dexamethasone plus ethanolic extract of Catunaregam spinosa (EECS) at graded doses of 200 mg/kg, b. wt. and 400 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o for 21days respectively. On the last day of the experiment, the effect of Catunaregam spinosa bark was measured by estimating the biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Results: There was a significant alteration in the serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and tissue antioxidant parameters in dexamethasone-treated animals when compared to the normal control rats. In test groups treated with glibenclamide and EECS, it was significantly ameliorated the altered parameters such as serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and the antioxidant parameters like SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA when compared to dexamethasone-treated animals with evidence of histopathological studies of the pancreas. Conclusion: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Catunaregam Spinosa (Thunb) bark has shown the hypoglycemic and antioxidant property.
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Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the commonest urological condition affecting men over 50 years of age. Medical therapy is usually the first line management of BPH. Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI), which blocks the conversion of testosterone into the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Materials and methods: We prospectively enrolled 54 BPH patients with prostate size ranging from 30-60 gm based on ultrasound, who were undergoing elective TURP at Gandhi Hospital for a period of 2 years from January 2013 to Jan 2015. BPH patients with hematuria, bothersome symptoms and refractory retention were included in the study. Results: Totally 54 BPH patients were enrolled in our study, 30 were randomized to finasteride group and 24 to controlled group. There was significantly less (p value <0.01) mean blood loss in irrigation fluid in the finasteride group compared to the control group (54.27 gm in finasteride group Vs 82.45gms in the control group; p value < 0,01) for each transurethral resection of prostate. Conclusion: Finasteride give daily for 2 weeks before transurethral prostate resection decreased bleeding preoperatively, thereby decreasing the requirement of blood transfusions, post operative episodes of hematuria and clot retention.
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Introduction: Urethral stricture is a common condition with varying etiology and management, determined by cause, site and length of stricture. Materials and methods: We presented here a randomized prospective trial comparing dorsal onlay buccal mucosa graft and penile skin flap urethroplasty at our institute over 3 years period. Results: Total 22 patients underwent substitution urethroplasty during this period. The mean age and follow up was 31.31 years and 9 months respectively. The most common cause of stricture urethra was post inflammatory (40.90%) followed by traumatic (36.36%) and balanitis xerotica obliterence (22.72%). Majority had combined penobulbar stricture (45.45%), followed by penile (31.81%) and bulbar (22.7%). The average size of the urethral stricture was 6.81 cm. The most common symptom of presentation of stricture urethra was thin stream (100%) followed by dysuria (80%), frequency (71.42%) and dribbling (30%). Most of the patients underwent surgical procedure prior to presentation; urethral dilatation done in 13 (59.05%) patients followed by visual internal urethrotomy 7 (31.81%) patients and suprapubic cystostomy in 4 (18.18%) patients. Of 22 patients, 10 (45.45%) underwent local flap and 12 (54.54%) patients buccal mucosal graft. Out of 10 local flap technique, 8 (36.36%) patients underwent ventral longitudinal flap and 2 (9.09%) underwent Quartey flap. Out of 12 buccal mucosal graft technique, 5 (22.72%) patients underwent ventral onlay graft, 5 (22.72%) dorsal onlay and 2 (9.09%) tube circumferential graft. Total success rate was 72.72%. Success rate was higher with buccal mucosal graft (83.33%) compared to local flap technique (60%). Among local G. Mallikarjuna, N. Ramamurthy, G. Ravichander, Ravi Jahagirdar, Jagadeeshwar. Substitution urethroplasty: Buccal mucosal graft Vs local flaps - A prospective randomized study. IAIM, 2016; 3(10): 162-173. Page 163 flap technique, ventral longitudinal flap (62.5%) had better results than quartey flap (50%). Among buccal mucosal graft dorsal onlay graft had best (100%) results followed by ventral onlay (80%) and then tube circumferencial graft (50%). Patients with smaller stricture length (2.5-7.5 cm) had better (75%) results. Patients with combined penobulbar (90%) and BXO as etiology (80%) also had better results. Conclusion: The success rate of buccal mucosal free graft substitution urethroplasty is better than local penile skin flaps in patients with anterior urethral strictures.