[Hand and technical skills a suggested strategy for the development of multiple intelligences for kindergarten child]

Since its emergence, multiple intelligences theory has made a revolution in the educational practices, also formed an open challenge for the traditional concept of intelligence. Out of this point the research has chosen the strategy of hand and technical skills as a strategy that fits to kindergarten child for the development of multiple intelligences. A program based on this strategy' was applied on a sample formed children [boys and girls] in an experimental nursery school in Cairo and the results were as follows. There was a significant effect of the results of the program on the development of multiple intelligences of the kindergarten child, Also the results has show there was no significant differences between boy girls concerning multiple intelligences, also there was no significant differences between children aged [4-5] and the children aged [5-6] years

Screening for human papillomavirus [HPV] in Egyptian females by the second-generation hybrid capture [HC II] test

Human Papillomavirus [HPV] infection is the main cause of cervical cancers and cervical intraepithelial neoplasias [CIN] worldwide. Consequently, it would be useful to evaluate HPV testing to screen for cervical cancer. Recently developed, the second-generation Hybrid Capture [HC II] test is a non-radioactive, relatively rapid, liquid hybridization assay designed to detect 18 HPV types, divided into high and low-risk groups. This test has an additional advantage, as it is also designed to provide quantitative estimates of the viral load .The aim of the present work, is to detect the rate of HPV infection and its various genotypes among the attendants of Kasr El Aini out patient gynecology clinic, using a non-invasive approach and to provide quantitative estimates of viral load. We evaluated 166 Egyptian females for HPV infection with the HC II test. The mean age of the participants was 37.28 +/- 9.16 years. According to cytology, the females were classified into normal cytology, chronic nonspecific cervicitis and squamous intraepithelial lesions [SILs]. The overall prevalence of HPV DNA in the studied groups was 15.06% [25/166], ranging from 6.6% [7/106] in normal cytology to 18% [9/50] in chronic nonspecific cervicitis to 90% [9/10] in squamous intraepithelial lesions. Among the 25 HPV- positive women, 16 [64%] were infected with high-risk HPV types, 4[16%] were infected with low risk HPV types, while 5[20%] had both types. Twenty-one [84%] of the infected woman harbored at least one high risk HPV type while 9[36%] harbored at least one low risk HPV type. Values of HPV viral load for low risk HPV infecton showed no significant difference for normal and chronic nonspecific cervicitis. But when HPV viral load of high risk HPV infecton was compared in normal, chronic nonspecific cervicitis and SIL a significant difference was found between normal and chronic nonspecific cervicitis, and between chronic nonspecific cervicitis and SIL and between normal and SIL, suggesting an association between viral load and risk of SIL and accordingly risk of cancer. Mixed HPV infection gave high viral load values even in normal smears. The viral load was apparently higher in SIL. From this study we may conclude that HPV testing using HC II assay is a useful tool when combined with cytology in diagnosing high-risk HPV viral types in apparently normal tissues. This may decrease greatly the increasing referral rate for colposcopy. This will reduce the cost services and could contribute to cancer prevention. Thus, this test may facilitate the detection of silent carriers of HPV by a sensitive noninvasive technique; leading to the identification of Egyptian women at risk of cervical neoplasia

Attitude variations among health professionals regarding rights of sick children in Assiut and Alexandria

The present study was conducted to identify attitude variations among health professionals regarding rights of sick children in Assiut and Alexandria. The sample consisted of 141 staff nurses, 35 nursing supervisors, and 28 physicians working in the prediatric departments in Assiut University Hospital and in the medical and outpatient departments affiliated to El-Shatby Children's Hospital in Alexandria. A questionnaire sheet including rights of sick children was used to identify attitudes of the participants. It involved 22 items divided into 4 parts, mainly rights for information disclosure, right for consideration, acceptance and respectful care, rights for privacy and confidentiality, and rights for decision making. Likert scale consisting of strongly agree, agree, undecided, disagree, strongly disagree, was used to analyze these items. Data were collected over a period of 6 months starting from the first of July to the end of December 2003. The results of the present study indicated that 74.3% of nursing supervisors followed by 57.1% of physicians and 43.3% of staff nurses had positive attitudes towards rights of the sick child. The total mean score was 91.321 +/- 10.144 and 82.619 +/- 7.801 among staff nurses, 95.200 +/- 8.265 and 93.600 +/- 10.625 among nursing supervisors, and 94.500 +/- 8.959 and 85.250 +/- 10.763 among physicians working in Assiut and Alexandria respectively. Attitudes of nurses and physicians working in Assiut were more positive than attitudes of those working in Alexandria. The opposite was observed among nursing supervisors working in Alexandria. Therefore, it is recommended that sick children's rights should be emphasized in the curriculum of all nursing and medical schools/faculties. Sick children's bill of rights should be available in all health agencies serving children to be referred to whenever needed

Evaluation of a simple disk diffusion test for identification of yeasts

The susceptibility of yeasts to six chemicals at appropriate concentration by disk diffusion test was done on 50 strains of yeasts isolated from different sources. It was able to identify 58% of the strains as C. albicans, 12% C. tropicalis, 10% C. pseudotropicalis, 3% T. Glabrata, 6% C. Stellatoidea, 4% S. Cerevisiae and 2% c. guilliermondii. The disk diffusion test was compared with the conventional methods of identification and API 20c system and the results showed that this test correctly identified 38/50 [76%] and 22/25 [88%] respectively. In conclusion, this test is highly significant in identification of most yeast species studied as well as it is simple inexpensive and technically straight-forward and for most isolates gave an identification after 24 hours