Effectiveness of Intra-anal Biofeedback and Electrical Stimulation in the Treatment of Children With Refractory Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis: A Comparative Randomized Controlled Trial / 대한배뇨장애요실금학회지

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of intra-anal biofeedback (BF) and intra-anal electrical stimulation (ES) on pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) activity, nocturnal bladder capacity, and frequency of wet night episodes in children with refractory primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). METHODS: Ninety children of both sexes aged 8–12 years with refractory PMNE participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number: control group (CON) that underwent behavioral therapy and PFM training, and 2 study groups (BF and ES) that underwent the same program in addition to intra-anal BF training and intra-anal ES, respectively. PFMs activity was assessed using electromyography, nocturnal bladder capacity was evaluated by measuring the first morning voided volume, and a nocturnal enuresis diary was used for documenting wet night episodes before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: After training, all groups showed statistically significant improvements in all measured outcomes compared to their pretreatment findings. The ES group showed significantly greater improvements in all measured outcomes than the CON and BF groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both intra-anal BF training and ES combined with behavioral therapy and PFMs training were effective in the treatment of PMNE, with intra-anal ES being superior to BF training.

ND - YAG laser treatment of haemangiomas in children

Management of 30 cases of mixed hemangiomas in the head and neck with Nd-YAG laser was presented. All cases were investigated using computerized axial tomography and CT scanning for the detection of any deep vascular connections. Nd-YAG 1064 nm was applied with a power ranging from 12 to 16 W and exposure duration from l to 2 sec. The follow-up period for any recurrence or incomplete healing was done. Although the treatment with Nd-YAG laser resulted in scarring, this was accepted by the patients as it was less risky and much easier than other surgical procedures. Technique, post treatment care and follow up results were presented in details