Effects of mouth opening breathing for different reasons on maxillofacial development in children / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of mouth opening breathing for different reasons on children's maxillofacial development. Methods:One hundred and fifty-one children were selected as the research objects of this experiment. They were divided into 49 cases of adenoid hypertrophy group（group A）, 52 cases of tonsillar hypertrophy group（group B） and 50 cases of adenoid with tonsillar hypertrophy group（Group C）. Healthy children in the same period were selected as the control group, a total of 45 cases. The reflex nasopharyngeal measurement parameters, facial development indexes and cephalometric parameters of group A, group B, group C and control group were analyzed, and the incidence of Angle ClassⅡand Angle Class Ⅲ in group A, group B and group C were studied. Results:Compared with the control group, the reflex nasopharyngeal measurement parameters in group A, group B and group C was significantly different（P<0.05）, and the cephalometric parameters changed with variation in groups（P<0.05）. The incidence of Angle Class Ⅱ facial pattern in group A and group C was higher, but the incidence of Angle Class Ⅲ facial pattern in group B and group C was higher（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Adenoid hypertrophy leads to mandibular retraction; tonsil hypertrophy leads to anterior mandibular arch; adenoid hypertrophy and tonsil hypertrophy are easy to lead to clockwise rotation of the mandible. In clinical practice, to avoid children's uncoordinated maxillofacial development, we should correct the maxillofacial situation of children as soon as possible.

Differences in the detection rates of depression and anxiety among middle school students in different time periods / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigates the prevalence of depression and anxiety among middle school students at different times, and to provide a reference for mental health promotion among adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 505 middle school students, selected from Chongqing in 2021 by using multi stage stratified random sampling method, were surveyed by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CSE-D) and Zung Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).@*Results@#At the beginning of the semester, 434(27.6%) and 601 students( 38.2 %) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms,respectively. While at the end of the semester showed that 463 cases (30.8%) were prone to depression, and 653 cases ( 43.4 %) reported depressive and anxiety symptoms,respectively. The detection rate of depressive symptoms at the end of the semester was significantly higher than that at the beginning of semester. (43.4%, 38.2 %, χ 2=8.55, P <0.05). Depressive of female students at the end of the semester( 52.8 %) was higher than that at the beginning of the semester(46.3%)( χ 2=6.19, P <0.05) The detection rate of anxiety symptoms in senior high school students at the end of the semester(44.9%) was significantly higher than that of at the beginning of the semester(28.6%) ( χ 2= 43.33 , P <0.01). No significant difference in anxiety symptoms boys and junior high school students between the beginning and the end of the semester ( χ 2=2.34, 0.71, P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Substantial changes are observed in anxiety symptoms among female middle school students and depressive and anxiety symptoms among high school students in different periods of a semester. When investigating depression and anxiety of middle school students, time effect should be considered.