RESUMO
Introduction: The walking test of 6 minutes (6MW) is a test that merges the answer of different systems (respiratory, cardiovascular, metabolic, skeletal muscle and neurosensorial) and offers an useful objective result to lead therapeutic measurements and stablish a prognosis, it's possible that the comorbid patient lowers their functional reserve and alters the result of the test not only because of the presence of pathologies cardiorespiratory, nevertheless, information about the correlation between the scores of comorbidity and the traveled distance in the 6MW is limited. Objective: Determine the correlation between the traveled distance in the 6MW and the scores of comorbidities of Charlson and Elixhauser. Methods: A cross-sectional study was made, in patients taken to the 6MW made between 2006 until March 2020, in a hospital of high complexity; there were included patients older than 18 years old, whose clinic history record and walk of 6 minutes were available. The index of Charlson and Elixhauser were calculated in the 6MW, a bivariate analysis was made between the antecedents of pathologies and the traveled distance, independently and adjusted, the spearman correlation coefficient was calculated for the different scores and the distance in meters of the 6MW, was considerate a significative p: <0,05. Results: to the final analysis 491 subjects entered, the average age was of 69 years old (sd: 14,9), 54% male, the 15,3% had an abnormal walk less than the 80% of the expected, the diseases that were considered had a statistically significant relation with the decrease of the distance in the 6MW were arterial hypertension (p: <0,001), chronic heart failure (p=0,037), heart arrhythmia (p=0,003), smoking (p=0,022), chronic pulmonary obstruction disease (p: <0,001), dementia (p=0,03diabetes mellitus with target organ damage (p=0,01), moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (p=0,012), obesity (p=0,036) y lymphoma (p=0,038 the spearman correlation coefficient between the traveled distances and Charlson was of -0,343 (IC95%:-0,420 -0,264)(p: < 0,001) and -0,213(IC95%:-0,285 -0,116)(p: <0,001) with the Elixhauser index. Conclusion: The distances walked in meters in the 6MW has a reverse low correlation with the comorbidity index, the diseases that were not cardiopulmonary and that related independently with changes in the traveled dist ance are smoking, dementia, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and lymphoma. Key words: Comorbidities, Walk, Test, Cardiopulmonary, Charlson, Elixhauser
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Cardiopulmonar/patologia , Espirometria , Comorbidade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Teste de Esforço , Teste de CaminhadaRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. En las Fuerzas Militares de Colombia, cerca de 500.000 de sus miembros asisten a consulta en los establecimientos sanitarios militares. En esta población, Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR) se ha convertido en un agente patógeno de gran incidencia. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes con diagnóstico de bacteriemia por SAMR en el Hospital Militar Central entre el 2012 y el 2015. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio observacional descriptivo de revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas de pacientes mayores de 18 años, hospitalizados y con hemocultivos positivos para S. aureus resistente a la meticilina. Para la identificación de los pacientes se empleó el sistema Whonet, version 5.6. Resultados. De los 177 cultivos positivos para S. aureus, el 24,8 % (n=44) correspondió a SAMR, con mayor prevalencia en pacientes militares activos(n=20m 45,4 %). Se observó una frecuencia similar para la bacteriemia por SAMR adquirida en la comunidad y la adquirida en el hospital, siendo más frecuente (n=37, 84 %) el fenotipo de la comunidad en ambos grupos. El principal foco infeccioso fueron los tejidos blandos, seguidos por el tejido pulmonar. Se presentaron mayores tasas de complicaciones (61%, n=13) en la bacteriemia adquirida en el hospital; 34,9 % (n=15),de los pacientes tuvieron una estancia hospitalaria prolongada atribuible a las complicaciones desencadenadas por la bacteriemia. Conclusiones. La población más afectada por SAMR fueron los pacientes militares activos (n=20, 45,4 %), con una frecuencia similar de la bacteriemia adquirida en la comunidad (n=18, 43,2 %) y la adquirida en el hospital (n=25, 56,8 %), y el principal foco infeccioso fueron los tejidos blandos. Dados estos resultados, es necesario adelantar estudios para establecer la prevalencia de infecciones por SAMR en la piel.
Abstract Introduction: In Colombia, there are about 500,000 members in the national armed forces who consult military health institutions. In this population, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a high-incidence pathogen. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize patients with MRSA bacteremia in the Hospital Militar Central between 2012 and 2015. Materials and methods: This was an observational descriptive study with a retrospective review of clinical histories of hospitalized patients older than 18 years of age with positive blood cultures for methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The identification of the patients was made using the Whonet system, version 5.6. Results: From cultures positive for S. aureus, 24.8% were methicillin-resistant strains, with a higher prevalence in active military personnel. A similar frequency was observed for community-acquired MRSA bacteremias and those acquired at the hospital, with the community phenotype being the most frequent in both groups. The main infectious focus related to the development of bacteremia was soft tissue, followed by pulmonary tissue. There were higher complication rates in nosocomial bacteremias; 34.9% of the patients had prolonged stays attributable to complications triggered by the bacteremia. Conclusions: Active military personnel was the most affected population by MRSA, with a similar frequency in community-acquired and nosocomial bacteremias. The main infectious focus was soft tissue. Taking into account these data, studies that establish the prevalence of skin infections by MRSA should be carried out.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Incidência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introducción: Por su capacidad de resistencia, las cepas de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina (SAMR) representan un reto importante en la terapéutica. Se desarrolló este estudio con el fin de caracterizar la población con neumonía por SAMR del Hospital Militar Central. Métodos: Se condujo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en pacientes con diagnóstico de neumonía bacteriana con aislamiento microbiológico positivo para SAMR. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Resultados: Durante el periodo de 4 años de estudio hubo 211 aislamientos correspondientes a S. aureus de los cuales 22 correspondieron a neumonía bacteriana por SAMR. La neumonía nosocomial fue la forma más frecuente de presentación (54,5%), seguida por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (36,3%). El 36,3% de los pacientes eran militares activos, el 31,8% militares retirados o civiles. La frecuencia de comorbilidades fue del 92,3% siendo la enfermedad renal crónica y malignidad las más frecuentes. Conclusión: Desde el punto de vista clínico la neumonía por SAMR se caracterizó por una mayor cantidad de pacientes jóvenes y sin comorbilidades contrastando con neumonía nosocomial que se caracterizó por una población de más edad y con mayor prevalencia de comorbilidades.
Introduction: Strains methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to be resistant to most beta-lactam available and different families of antibiotics, represent a major challenge in therapeutics; for this reason, it is necessary to conduct studies to characterize better patients with MRSA infection. Methods: A descriptive study of cross section of patients diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia with positive microbiological isolation for MRSA was conducted by reviewing medical records and susceptibility testing relevant demographic and clinical data were extracted. The data analysis was conducted through measures of central tendency and dispersion. Results: During the period of 4 years of study; there were 211 isolates corresponding to S. aureus; of which 22 were for MRSA bacterial pneumonia. Nosocomial pneumonia was the most common presentation (54,5%); followed by community-acquired pneumonia (36,3%). 36,3% of patients were military personnel, 31,8% retired military or civilians. The frequency of comorbidities was 92,3% being chronic kidney disease and the most common malignancy. Conclusion: From the clinical point of view MRSA pneumonia it was characterized by a greater number of young patients without comorbidities; which contrasted with nosocomial pneumonia was characterized by an aging population and higher prevalence of comorbidities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumonia , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Demografia , Prevalência , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Pneumonia Associada a Assistência à Saúde , Militares , Antibacterianos , NeoplasiasRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: la validez de la relación saturación arterial de oxígeno y fracción inspiratória de oxígeno (SaO2/FiO2), calculada por oximetría de pulso y por gases arteriales en pacientes con exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (E-EPOC) a la altitud de Bogotá no son conocidos, los pacientes con EPOC pueden presentar alteraciones en el intercambio de gases que pueden empeorar con los episodios de broncoespasmo, obtener valores de la SaO2 por oximetría y FiO2 puede brindar información valiosa sobre el curso de la exacerbación. Objetivo: determinar la validez de la relación SaO2/FiO2 calculada por oximetría de pulso y por gases arteriales con relación a los desenlaces de ventilación mecánica (VM) y mortalidad a siete y 30 días. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo con análisis de prueba diagnóstica calculando los puntajes DECAF, BAP-65, CURB-65, gases arteriales y oximetría de pulso al ingreso de pacientes con E-EPOC, se evaluó el desenlace de mortalidad a los siete y 30 días de ingreso y el requerimiento de VM durante su hospitalización, se calculó la relación SaO2/FiO2 utilizando la SaO2 obtenida en los gases arteriales y de manera independiente la relación SaO2/FiO2 con la SaO2 obtenida por oximetría de pulso, con los datos obtenidos se calculó los valores de sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valor predictivo positivo (VPP), valor predictivo negativo (VPN), razón de verosimilitud positiva (LR+), razón de verosimilitud negativa (LR-) y área bajo la curva de características operativas del receptor (ACOR). Resultados: se analizaron 462 E-EPOC, el requerimiento de VM fue de 14.3% y mortalidad a 30 días de 5.71%, la sensibilidad de la relación SaO2/FiO2 calculada por oximetría de pulso para desenlace de VM fue de 84.6% (IC95%:75-94.2), especificidad 42% (IC95%:37- 47), VPP: 19.6% (IC95%:14.8-24.4), VPN: 94.3% (IC95%:90.5-98), LR+: 1.46 (IC95%:1.28-1.67), LR: 0.37(IC95%:0.20-1.67), ACOR: 0.779% (IC95%:0.711-0.847) p<0.0001, la sensibilidad de relación SaO2/FiO2 por gases arteriales para VM fue de 83% (IC95%:73.2-92.9), especificidad 57% (IC95%:51.9-62.2), VPP: 24.8% (IC95%:18.8-30.7), VPN: 95.2% (IC95%:92.2-98.2), LR+: 1.94 (IC95%:1.65-2.27), LR-: 0.30 (IC95%:0.17-0.51), ACOR: 0.799% (IC95%:0.737-0.861) p<0.0001, la sensibilidad de la relación SaO2/FiO2 por oximetría para desenlace de mortalidad tiene una sensibilidad del 76.8% (IC95%:58.8-95), especificidad de 39.2% (IC95%:34.4-43.9), VPP: 7.1% (IC95%:3.9-10.3), VPN: 96.5% (IC95%:93.5-99.5), LR+: 1.26 (IC95%:1.01-1.58), LR-: 0.59 (IC95%:0.29-1.20), ACOR: 0.689% (IC95%:0.568-0.810) p<0.0001, la sensibilidad de la relación SaO2/FiO2 por gases arteriales para mortalidad fue de 80.8% (IC95%:63.7-97.8), especificidad 53.2% (IC95%:48.3-58), VPP: 9.6% (IC95%:5.5-13.8), VPN: 97.8% (IC95%:95.7-99.9), LR+: 1.73 (IC95%:1.39-2.14), LR-: 0.36 (IC95%:0.16-0.80), ACOR: 0.732% (IC95%:0.617-0.846) p<0.0001. Conclusión: los valores de SaO2/FiO2 calculados por oximetría y por gases arteriales pueden ser útiles para predecir desenlaces de VM y mortalidad en pacientes con exacerbación de la EPOC. (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 215-223).
Abstract Introduction: the validity of the ratio arterial oxygen saturation and inspiratory oxygen fraction (SaO /FiO2), calculated by pulse oximetry and by arterial gases in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (E-COPD) at the altitude of Bogotá are not known. Patients with COPD can present alterations in gas exchange that can worsen with bronchospasm episodes. Obtaining values of SaO2 by oximetry and FiO2 can provide valuable information on the course of the exacerbation. Objective: to determine the validity of the SaO2/ iO2 ratio calculated by pulse oximetry and by arterial gases in relation to mechanical ventilation (VM) outcomes and mortality at seven and 30 days. Methods: a prospective cohort study with diagnostic test analysis was performed, calculating DECAF, BAP-65, CURB-65, arterial blood gas and pulse oximetry scores on admission of patients with E-COPD, and the outcome of mortality was evaluated at seven and 30 days of admission and the MV requirement during hospitalization; the SaO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated using the SaO2 obtained in the arterial gases and independently the SaO2/FiO2 ratio with the SaO2 obtained by pulse oximetry. With the data obtained, the values of sensitivity (S), specificity (E), positive predictive value (VPP), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR +), negative likelihood ratio (LR-) and low area the operating characteristics curve of the receiver (ACOR) were calculated. Results: 462 E-COPD were analyzed; the MV requirement was 14.3% and 30-day mortality of 5.71%, the sensitivity of the SaO2/FiO2 ratio calculated by pulse oximetry for MV outcome was 84.6% (95% CI : 75-94.2), specificity 42% (95% CI: 37-47), PPV: 19.6% (95% CI: 14.8-24.4), NPV: 94.3% (95% CI: 90.5-98), LR +: 1.46 (95% CI : 1.28-1.67), LR: 0.37 (95% CI: 0.20-1.67), ACOR: 0.779% (95% CI: 0.711-0.847) p <0.0001, sensitivity of SaO2/FiO2 ratio for arterial blood gases for MV was 83% (95% CI: 73.2-92.9), specificity 57% (95% CI: 51.9-62.2), PPV: 24.8% (95% CI: 18.8-30.7), NPV: 95.2% (95% CI: 92.2-98.2), LR +: 1.94 (IC95%: 1.65-2.27), LR-: 0.30 (IC95%: 0.17-0.51), ACOR: 0.799% (IC95%: 0.737-0.861) p <0.0001, the sensitivity of the SaO2/FiO2 ratio by oximetry for outcome of mortality has a sensitivity of 76.8% (95% CI: 58.895), specificity of 39.2% (95% CI: 34.4-43.9), PPV: 7.1% (95% CI: 3.9-10.3), NPV: 96.5% (95% CI : 93.5-99.5), LR +: 1.26 (IC95%: 1.01-1.58), LR-: 0.59 (CI 95%: 0.29-1.20), ACOR: 0.689% (IC95%: 0.568-0.810) p <0.0001, the sensitivity of the SaO2/FiO2 ratio for arterial blood gases was 80.8% (95% CI: 63.7-97.8), specificity 53.2% (95% CI: 48.3-58), PPV: 9.6% (95% CI: 5.5-13.8), NPV: 97.8% (95% CI: 95.7-99.9), LR +: 1.73 (95% CI: 1.39-2.14), LR-: 0.36 (IC95%: 0.16-0.80), ACOR: 0.732% (IC95%: 0.617-0.846) p <0.0001. Conclusion: SaO2/FiO2 values calculated by oximetry and arterial blood gases can be useful to predict MV outcomes and mortality in patients with exacerbation of COPD. (Acta Med Colomb 2017; 42: 215-223).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Oxigênio , Respiração Artificial , Oximetria , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva CrônicaRESUMO
Resumen El síndrome de uñas amarillas (SUA) es una entidad caracterizada por pigmentación anormalmente amarillenta, verdosa o café de las uñas acompañado de linfedema de miembros inferiores y derrame pleural y/u otra sintomatología en relación con el tracto respiratorio. La etiología y mecanismos fisiopatológicos hasta el momento no están bien dilucidados, sin embargo es aceptada una alteración anatómica o funcional en los vasos linfáticos adquirida congénitamente. La presentación clínica es más frecuente en individuos con edades entre 40 y 80 años. La falta de evidencia científica en torno a esta patología, dificulta sus direccionamientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos; los signos y síntomas que abarcan esta enfermedad son concretos, sin embargo tienen un espectro de presentación muy variado, por lo cual el diagnóstico es esencialmente clínico y el tratamiento sintomático. Hasta el momento algunas intervenciones han demostrado ser útiles en la resolución de algunos signos y síntomas, pero ninguna con el soporte científico ni epidemiológico que justifique su reproducción. Existen gran número de casos reportados a nivel mundial, no obstante son contados los documentados en América Latina. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 90 años de edad quien consulta en múltiples ocasiones al servicio de urgencias por dificultad para respirar, en quien como hallazgo incidental se documenta pigmentación amarilla e hiperqueratosis ungueal. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 40: 269-272).
Abstract Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is an entity characterized by abnormally yellowish, greenish or brown pigmentation of the nails accompanied by lymphedema of lower limbs and pleural effusion and / or other symptomatology related to the respiratory tract. The etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms to date are not well known, but nevertheless an anatomical or functional alteration in the lymphatic vessels acquired congenitally is accepted. The clinical presentation is more frequent in individuals between the ages of 40 and 80 years. The lack of scientific evidence about this pathology makes difficult its diagnostic and therapeutic directions. The signs and symptoms that comprise this disease are concrete, although they have a very varied spectrum of presentation, whereby the diagnosis is essentially clinical and the treatment symptomatic. So far some interventions have proved useful in solving some signs and symptoms, but none with scientific or epidemiological support to justify their reproduction. There are a large number of cases reported worldwide, but very few cases are documented in Latin America. The case of a 90-year-old female patient who consults the emergency department on many occasions due to shortness of breath, in whom yellow pigmentation and nail hyperkeratosis are documented as an incidental finding, is reported. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 40: 269-272).