From the Phylogeny of the Satyrinae Butterflies to the Systematics of Euptychiina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): History, Progress and Prospects

We review the various proposals of evolutionary and classification schemes for Satyrinae and particularly Euptychiina butterflies, assessing progress and prospects of research for the group. Among the highlights is the proposal to include Morphini, Brassolini and Amathusiini as part of Satyrinae. Although it is clear that this hypothesis requires further investigation, phylogenetic studies recently conducted recover this clade as part of Satyrinae with high support. The phylogenetic analyses for Euptychiina carried out to date recover the monophyly of the group and have identified a variety of genera as non-monophyletic. Further work is necessary to resolve the position of the subtribe and the evolutionary relationships of several genera.

Análisis de la prevalencia y riesgo de caries dental en dientes temporales de escolares sujetos al régimen de fluoruro sistémico y tópico / Analysis of the prevalence and risk of dental caries in deciduous teeth from schoolchildren subjected to systemic and topical fluoride regimens

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación existente entre el ceo y la aplicación periódica y constante de medidas preventivas basadas en fluoruro tópico. El examen fue desarrollado en 520 niños de 6 a 12 años que presentaron consentimiento informado, residentes desde su nacimiento en Cd. Nezahualcóyotl, Estado de México, y que estuvieron sujetos tanto al Programa de Fluoruración de la Sal, como a los diversos programas preventivos locales para caries dental basados en fluoruro. El proceso estadístico incluyó la determinación de la Prevalencia y Riesgo de Caries que fue de 63.84% y de 0.20 respectivamente. Por otra parte, el ceo promedio para el total de la población fue de 2.34. El riesgo de caries no presenta ninguna variación en los niños de primero a sexto grado y el número de aplicaciones profesionales o de autoaplicaciones de fluoruro no tiene influencia sobre el riesgo de caries.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between dmft with periodic and constant applications of preventive measures based on topic fluoride. The screen was on 520 6-12-year old children who had signed informed consent; life-long residents since birth in Nezahualcoyotl City, State of Mexico and were subject not only to the Salt Fluoridation Program, but also to the different dental caries local preventive programs based on fluoride. The statistical process included also the determination of Prevalence and Caries Risk of temporary teeth; 63.84% and 0.20 respectively. Likewise, average dmft to the total population was 2.34. The Caries Risk does not show any variation between the 1st-6th degree scholar children and the number of professional or self fluoride applications does not have any influence on the caries risk score.