RESUMO
Background: Hypertension is widely prevalent across India. The rule of halves is commonly used to describe the attrition and gaps in the care cascade of hypertension management across detection, availing treatment, and having controlled blood pressure (BP) on treatment. Objectives: Using nationally representative data, we aimed to assess the rule of halves in hypertension management in different states of India and across sociodemographic, health system, and personal factors. Methods: A descriptive analysis of secondary data from the National Family Health Survey?4 was conducted. We included 770,662 individuals(112,122 men and 658,540 nonpregnant women) of 15–49 years of age. The proportion of individuals not aware of hypertension status among those with high BP, known hypertensives not availing of treatment, and uncontrolled BP among those on treatment were expressed as percentage with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of those with high BP, 48.5% (95% CI: 47.8%–49.3%) were not aware of their hypertensive status. Among known hypertensives, 72% (95% CI: 71.2%–72.8%) had not availed treatment for hypertension. Among those on treatment, 39.8% (95% CI: 38.7%–40.9%) had uncontrolled hypertension. Conclusion: The rule of halves of India shows that the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke has made relatively good progress with the detection of hypertension and achieving BP control among those on treatment. However, with three?fourth of known hypertensives not availing treatment, more dividends from the detection of hypertension efforts could be realized. The program needs to especially focus on ensuring the treatment for those detected with hypertension.
RESUMO
Background & Objectives: Old age is associated with decline in physical, physiological & cognitive function affecting the quality of life of the elderly population. The robust increase in proportion of elderly has resulted in demographic burden in a developing country like India. To cope up with this burden appropriate & timely intervention is required based on the situational analysis of the health problems faced by the aged population. Objective is to determine the pattern of health problems among geriatric population and to find out the rural- urban difference in health problems, if any. Methodology: The cross- sectional study was done among 450 individuals aged 60 years & above residing at field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre & Rural Health Training Centre, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh. The data was obtained through pretested & predesigned questionnaire by selecting individuals using systematic random sampling with PPS. Data was entered & analyzed by SPSS 20. Tests of proportion & Chi square test were applied. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The present study revealed that the most prevalent problem was cataract (79.6%), followed by depression (36.2%), refractive error (31.3%), locomotor problems (23.6%) and hearing loss (16%). No significant rural- urban difference was found among the prevalence of health problems. Conclusion: The study concluded that the magnitude of health problems faced by elderly ranges from low (hearing loss) to high (cataract) that warrants strengthening of the available health care services to tackle the burden of health problems.