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1.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(1): 64-69, ene-mar 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280547

RESUMO

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.


ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Espanha , Atitude , Saúde Pública , Saúde Ocupacional , Conhecimento , Pessoal de Educação , Prevenção Primária , Higiene , Doenças Transmissíveis , Inquéritos e Questionários , Infecções por Coronavirus , Vigilância em Desastres , Docentes , COVID-19 , Promoção da Saúde
2.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 38(1): 64-69, ene-mar 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1280575

RESUMO

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de estudiar las actitudes y conocimientos sobre la pandemia por la COVID-19 en el personal docente de la región de Canarias en España, se realizó un estudio transversal entre el 14 y el 18 de mayo de 2020, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario virtual basado en un instrumento validado. Se incluyeron 1503 encuestas, en donde se describe que el personal docente no está dispuesto a trabajar si existe riesgo de infectarse en el centro educativo (76,6%). No obstante, afirman que acudiría a trabajar si dispusieran de las medidas higiénicas (69,2%) y de protección adecuadas (67,0%). En conclusión, resulta pertinente garantizar las medidas preventivas necesarias para evitar el contagio en los centros educativos, propiciando la formación específica de los docentes en prevención primaria.


ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the teachers' attitudes and knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic in the Canary Islands region in Spain, between May 14 - 18, 2020. A virtual questionnaire based on a validated instrument was applied. We included 1,503 surveys, which showed that teachers are unwilling to work if there is risk of infection at the school (76.6%). However, they state that they would go to work if they had the appropriate hygiene (69.2%) and protection (67.0%) measures. In conclusion, it is important to guarantee the necessary preventive measures to avoid contagion in educational centers, promoting specific training of teachers in primary prevention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doenças Transmissíveis , Saúde Ocupacional , Infecções por Coronavirus , Promoção da Saúde , Higiene , Saúde Pública , Docentes , Vigilância em Saúde Pública
3.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 57: e18972, 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1350227

RESUMO

We investigated the effect of Punica granatum peel aqueous extract (PGE), on pulmonary inflammation and alveolar degradation induced by intratracheal administration of Elastase in Sprague Dawley rats. Lung inflammation was induced in rats by intratracheal instillation of Elastase. On day 1 and 2, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of PGE (200 mg/mL), three hours later, they were intratracheally instilled with 25U/kg pancreatic porcine Elastase. Animals were sacrificed 7 days later. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected and cellularity, histology and mRNA expression of Monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were studied. In addition, activity of TNF- α, IL-6 and MCP-1 on BAL were also analyzed by ELISA Kit. Elastase administration increased: BAL cellularity, neutrophils recruitment and BAL MCP1, IL-6 expressions. It also increased lung TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-2 expressions, platelets recruitment, histological parameters at 7th day of elastase treatment. Intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg of PGE reduced, significantly, BAL cellularity, and neutrophils recruitment. However, in animal treated with PGE, MCP-1, MMP-2 and IL-6 on day 7, were similar to the Sham group. Treatment with PGE (200 mg/ kg) also significantly reduced lung TNF-α, and MCP-1 expression. This study reveals that PGE Punica granatum protects against elastase lung inflammation and alveolar degradation induced in rats


Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Extratos Vegetais/análise , Elastase Pancreática/classificação , Casca de Planta , Punica granatum/efeitos adversos , Pneumonia/classificação , Edema Pulmonar/classificação , Enfisema/classificação
4.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 30(4): 302-307, Oct-Dec 2020. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1180931

RESUMO

RESUMEN El número de dientes puede incrementarse por piezas dentarias denominadas Dientes Supernumerarios (DS). En los casos en que los DS son cinco o más y no relacionados con ningún síndrome, son considerados DS múltiples o hiperdoncia múltiple no sindrómica; anomalía dentaria con una escasa prevalencia menor al 1% de los reportes de esta alteración. El objetivo de esta investigación es documentar un caso poco frecuente de DS múltiples no sindrómicos en una paciente con dentición permanente. Paciente de sexo femenino, 22 años de edad, presenta siete DS en total; clínicamente: dos DS en la zona central superior, un DS por palatino de la pieza 1.2, un DS por distal de la pieza 3.5. Radiográficamente: un DS entre las piezas 1.5 y 1.4, la pieza 1.1 retenida en posición horizontal, la agenesia de la pieza 2.2 y dos DS suplementarios entre los premolares inferiores derechos. El diagnóstico precoz de los DS es fundamental para evitar las alteraciones futuras originadas por esta anomalía dentaria; así como un examen adecuado que permita descartar la asociación con hiperdoncia relacionada a algún síndrome.


SUMMARY The number of teeth can be increased by extra teeth named Supernumerary Teeth (ST). Multiple ST or hyperdontia is consider when there are five or ST with non syndromic association, which is a dental anomaly with a prevalence less than 1% of the reports of this alteration. The aim of this report was to keep record an unusual case of non- syndromic supernumerary teeth in a permanent dentition patient. Intraoral examination of a 22 years old woman revealed permanent dentition with presence of two supernumerary teeth in the upper central region, one of them palatally to 1.2, and another distal to 3.5. Radiographic findings: A panoramic radiograph showed us impacted supernumerary teeth between 1.5 and 1.4, another in similar condition, 1.1 in horizontal position, agenesy of 2.2 tooth, and two supernumeraries more between right lower bicuspids. The early diagnosis of ST is essential to avoid future alterations caused by this dental anomaly; as well as an adequate examination that allows to rule out the association with hyperdoncia related to some syndrome.

6.
Rev. chil. cir ; 69(5): 389-396, oct. 2017. tab, graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899622

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: Valorar la eficacia de la administración preoperatoria de inmunonutrición oral en pacientes con cáncer colorrectal resecable, en términos de reducción de la incidencia de complicaciones infecciosas posquirúrgicas. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo y aleatorizado. Se reclutaron 84 pacientes. En el grupo inmunonutrido (SÍ IN) se administró de forma preoperatoria Impact© Oral durante 8 días (3 envases al día), con respecto del grupo no inmunonutrido (NO IN), que únicamente recibió dieta normal, sin suplementos. Resultados: Del total de pacientes, el 40,5% (17) de los NO IN presentaron complicaciones infecciosas frente a un 33,3% (14) de los SÍ IN. En los pacientes con cáncer rectal NO IN, un 50% (8) tuvieron complicaciones infecciosas menores frente a un 13,6% (3) de los SÍ IN, (p = 0,028). En la regresión logística, la variable proteínas totales en el quinto día posquirúrgico (OR: 2,8 [IC 95%: 1,3-6,3], p = 0,012) fue independiente en relación con la aparición de complicaciones infecciosas. Específicamente, la variable fuga anastomótica se comportó como factor de riesgo en el desarrollo de infección de herida, con una OR de 4,5 (IC 95%: 1,3-16,1) (p = 0,033). Discusión: La desnutrición en los pacientes oncológicos susceptibles de cirugía se traduce en un incremento en la morbimortalidad postoperatoria de los mismos. La utilización de fórmulas enterales con inmunonutrientes en estos sujetos puede atenuar dicha morbilidad, a expensas de la disminución de complicaciones infecciosas. Conclusión: En nuestro análisis, los pacientes NO IN presentaron con mayor frecuencia complicaciones infecciosas posquirúrgicas, sobre todo el subgrupo de pacientes con cáncer rectal.


Abstract Purpose: Assess the efficacy of preoperative administration of oral immunonutrition in patients with resectable colorectal cancer, in terms of reducing the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. Material and methods: Prospective randomized study. A total of 84 patients were recruited. To the group YES IN, Impact© Oral was preoperatively administered for 8 days (3 bricks a day), whereas the NOT IN group only received normal diet, without supplements. Results: Of all patients, 40.5% (17) in the NOT IN group suffered infectious complications against 33.3% (14) in the YES IN group. Among patients with rectal cancer in the NOT IN group, 50% (8) suffered minor infectious complications, compared with 13.6% (3) among those in the YES IN group (P = .028). Using logistic regression, the variable total protein on the fifth postoperative day [OR: 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3 to 6.3) (P = .012)] showed a statistically significant relationship with the occurrence of infectious complications. Specifically, anastomotic leak variable behaved as a risk factor in the development of surgical site infection, with an OR of 4.5 (95% CI: 1.3 to 16.1) (P = .033). Discussion: Malnutrition in cancer patients suitable for surgery results in an increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality. The use of enteral formulas with immunonutrients in these subjects can attenuate this morbidity, decreasing infectious complications. Conclusion: In our analysis, the NOT IN group suffered more postoperative infectious complications, particularly the subset of patients with rectal cancer.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Prospectivos , Análise de Variância , Resultado do Tratamento , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Apoio Nutricional/métodos , Desnutrição , Imunidade
7.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2015; 8(10): 829-835
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-180755

RESUMO

Background: Uric acid poses a major risk to cardiovascular function which, in turn, increases the chances of kidney disease. This is not only an indication of renal damage, but also precipitates its development. We analyzed the kidney metabolism in hypertensive patients in order to establish any disparities compared to those of healthy individuals, and to ascertain if there were any changes in cases such as hypertension with chronic renal failure, including the use of diuretics in cases of obesity. Methods: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of 95 hypertensive patients to determine the parameters of renal excretion of uric acid. We compared the results of the hypertensive patients with the existing data of healthy individuals; examining the effects of chronic kidney disease - the administration of diuretics including cases of obesity - in the renal metabolism of uric acid. Results: The clearance of uric acid (5,56 ml/min) and its fractional excretion (6,65%) are lower in hypertensive people than in healthy individuals (UACl: 8-12 ml/min and UAEF: 8-10%). This clearance decreases significantly in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease compared to hypertensive patients with normal renal function (3.38 vs. 6.16 ml / min) including patients treated with diuretics (6.1 vs. 6.4 ml/min). Obesity also contributes to the reduction of renal excretion of uric acid. Conclusion: Renal excretion of uric acid is reduced in cases of hypertension with normal renal function and no diuretic therapy, in cases of chronic kidney disease and in treatment with diuretics. So, the question here is whether this could be the pathogenic basis for many forms of essential hypertension, or whether it is caused by the negative impact of hypertension in the kidney.

8.
Acta bioquím. clín. latinoam ; 41(1): 51-56, ene.-mar. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-632993

RESUMO

El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de auditoría clínica para vigilar y reducir la magnitud de errores preanalíticos en el Laboratorio de Guardia de un hospital público de la provincia de Buenos Aires. En un período de 2004 y otro de 2005 se relevaron los diferentes tipos de errores en 11.949 recipientes de muestras de sangre y orina. Se calcularon los indicadores: porcentaje de errores preanalíticos totales en las muestras (% EP), de muestras coaguladas, de recipientes inadecuados, de volumen inadecuado, de muestras hemolizadas, de muestras batidas y de identificación inadecuada. Se capacitó al personal de enfermería. Se asignaron los costos correspondientes a las etapas de obtención y remisión de muestras de la fase preanalítica. El % EP no presentó modificaciones significativas en 2004, mientras que en 2005 sus variaciones acompañaron las de algunos de los restantes indicadores. Los costos correspondientes a errores preanalíticos constituyeron en promedio el 10% de los costos totales de obtención y remisión de muestras en los períodos estudiados. Se concluye que las actividades de capacitación deben realizarse en forma periódica y someterse a seguimiento continuo a fin de obtener disminuciones significativas y perdurables en la magnitud de los errores preanalíticos.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical audit program to monitor and reduce the magnitude of pre-analytical errors in the Emergency Laboratory of a Buenos Aires Province public hospital. During a 2004 period and another 2005 one, different types of errors were surveyed in 11.949 blood- and urine-sample flasks. The following indicators were calculated: sample pre-analytical error percentage (% PE), as well as percentages corresponding to coagulated samples, inadequate flask use, inadequate flask volume, samples that underwent haemolysis, shaken samples and poor sample identification. Nursing personnel were trained. Costs incurred were allocated to the extraction and delivery stages within the pre-analytical phase. PE % did not show any meaningful changes in 2004, while in 2005 its variations followed those of some of the other indicators. Costs attributed to pre-analytical error represented 10% of total cost of sample extraction and delivery in the periods that were studied. It can be concluded that training courses must be periodically offered and their results monitored on a permanent basis if any significant and long-lasting reduction in the magnitude of pre-analytical errors is to be achieved.


Assuntos
Controle de Qualidade , Auditoria Clínica , Equipamentos de Laboratório , Valores Críticos Laboratoriais
9.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 14(1): 20-27, ene.-feb. 2004. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-423422

RESUMO

Se realizó un estudio comparativo entre 2 métodos para diagnóstico precoz de gestación en vacuno: progesterona plasmática (DP) y medida del área luteal (DAL). Cuarenta y dos vacas Holstein-Freisian fueron inseminadas (IA) después de mostrar signos de celo, y durante los 28 días posteriores se realizaron ecografías ováricas y toma de muestras de sangre, a intervalos de 4 días. El día 22 se tomó una muestra adicional de sangre. Se determinaron los niveles de progesterona plasmática (mediante RIA) y el área de tejido luteal (por ecografía), para posteriormente calcular el valor predictivo positivo y negativo, seguridad, especificidad y sensibilidad de las técnicas diagnósticas. Asimismo, se determinó el coeficiente de concordancia entre DP y DAL. Los resultados demostraron correlación significativa entre progesterona y área luteal (r=0,74; p<0,001). Se observó buena concordancia entre estado reproductivo real de los animales y DP durante los días 20, 22, 24, y 28 post-IA, al igual que los días 20, 24 y 28 cuando se empleó DAL. El valor predictivo de gestación positiva, seguridad y especificidad fueron superiores en el DAL frente al DP a partir del día 20, lo que demuestra la utilidad de la ecografía luteal en el diagnóstico temprano de gestación en vacuno


Assuntos
Bovinos , Animais , Feminino , Bovinos , Corpo Lúteo , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Progesterona , Ultrassonografia , Espanha , Medicina Veterinária
14.
Alergia (Méx.) ; 47(5): 151-153, sept.-oct. 2000. CD-ROM
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-304271
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