Measurement of expansin activity and plant cell wall creep by using a commercial texture analyzer

Background: Expansins play an important role in cell wall metabolism and fruit softening. Determination of expansin activity is a challenging problem since it depends on measuring cell wall properties by using ad hoc extensometers, a fact that has strongly restricted its study. Then, the objective of the work was to adapt a methodology to measure cell wall creep and expansin activity using a commercial texture meter, equipped with miniature tensile grips and an ad hoc cuvette of easy construction. Results: It was possible to measure hypocotyls acid growth and expansin activity in a reliable and reproducible way, using a commercial texture meter, common equipment found in laboratories of food science or postharvest technology. Expansin activity was detected in protein extracts from cucumber hypocotyls, tomato and strawberry fruits, and statistical differences in expansin activity were found in both fruit models at different ripening stages. Conclusions: The possibility of measuring expansin activity following this adapted protocol with a commercial texture meter could contribute to ease and increase the analysis of expansin in different systems, leading to a better understanding of the properties of these proteins under different experimental conditions.

Anthropometric landmarks for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in anatomical position / Referencias antropométricas para la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado posterior en posición anatómica

To determine viable anatomical landmarks allowing for accurate femoral and tibial tunnel placement in anatomical position during posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. Ten knees were dissected to analyze femoral and tibial PCL insertion measurements and the features specific to the PCL and its fascicles. The clock hands system was used to measure femoral insertions. The meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were used as landmarks to measure tibial insertions. The PCL and its corresponding fascicle characteristics were determined by its femoral insertion, central portion and tibial insertion. The mean lengths between the central point of the PCL footprint and the articular cartilage border at 12:00 h were 17.23 mm (±3.94) and 17.73 mm (±4.11) for the right and left knees, respectively. The anterior-posterior mean lengths for the PCL were 11.94 mm (±5.08) between the posterior PCL border and the anterior PCL border. The mean lengths were 33.52 mm (±3.49) from the medial border of the lateral meniscus to the lateral PCL border and 32.24 mm (±2.28) from the medial border of the medial meniscus to the medial PCL border. From the anteroposterior viewpoint, the anterolateral fascicle is greater than the posteromedial one in its femoral and tibial insertions and in its central portion. A quantitative data collection summary was conducted with different PCL variables, along with its fascicles and their various femoral and tibial bony landmarks. Various measurements were obtained, indicating the high functionality shared by the PCL fascicles. Lengths reported for insertions are practical landmarks for the locations of femoral and tibial tunnels during posterior cruciate ligament plasty. We must take into account native PCL form to avoid oversizing the graft during reconstruction and to avoid a possible clamping of the graft with the surrounding structures.

El propósito del estudio fue determinar referencias anatómicas viables para la correcta colocación de los túneles femorales y tibiales en posición anatómica durante la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado posterior (LCP). Se utilizaron 10 rodillas, las cuales fueron disecadas para analizar las mediciones de la inserción femoral y tibial del LCP, sus fascículos y estructuras adyacentes. Se utilizó el sistema de las manecillas del reloj para la medición de las inserciones femorales. Los meniscos y el ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) fueron utilizados como referencias para la medición de las inserciones tibiales. El LCP y las características de sus fascículos correspondientes fueron determinados por su inserción femoral, porción central e inserción tibial. La media de la longitud entre la porción central de la huella dejada por el LCP y el margen anterior del cartílago femoral a las 12:00 h fue de (±3.94) y 17,73 mm (±4,11) para la rodilla derecha e izquierda, respectivamente. La longitudes del LCP fueron de 11,94 mm (±5,08) entre el margen posterior del LCP y el margen anterior del LCP. La media fue de 33,52 mm (±3,49) desde el margen medial del menisco lateral al margen lateral del LCP y de 32,24 mm (±2,28) del margen medial del menisco medial al margen medial del LCP. Desde el punto de visión anteroposterior, el fascículo anterolateral es mayor que el posteromedial tanto en su inserción femoral como en el punto central e inserción tibial. Se analizó una colección cuantitativa de bases de datos con distintas variables del LCP, así como de sus fascículos y sus inserciones femorales y tibiales. Se obtuvieron varias medidas, indicando la alta funcionalidad compartida por los fascículos del LCP. Las inserciones reportadas son referencias prácticas para la localización de los túneles tibiales y femorales durante la plastía del ligamento cruzado posterior.

Efectos del vendaje neuromuscular: una revisión bibliográfica / Neuromuscular dressing effects: a literature review / Efeitos neuromusculares de bandages: uma revisão da literatura

El vendaje neuromuscular es una técnica creada en 1979 por el doctor Kenzo Kase, quien buscó proponer una nueva opción terapéutica para controlar el dolor, mejorar el rendimiento deportivo y reducir el impacto de los trastornos musculo-esqueléticos. A partir de los Juegos Olímpicos de Sydney 2000 esta técnica empleada por los profesionales de la salud en el campo del deporte y la rehabilitación física tomó fuerza como alternativa terapéutica. Objetivo: identificar las aproximaciones teóricas sobre el vendaje neuromuscular realizadas en la actualidad. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos como Proquest, Ovid, Cochraine, PEDro, Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical, Sciencedirect, Pubmed y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs). El esquema del artículo propone una contextualización del panorama actual del uso y los efectos del vendaje neuromuscular en el campo deportivo y en el manejo de diferentes patologías del sistema musculo-esquelético. Conclusiones: se concluye que actualmente muchos profesionales de la salud toman el vendaje neuromuscular como un buena opción terapéutica en el manejo de patologías que afectan el cuerpo humano, por lo cual cada día se investiga más acerca del tema, otorgando un valor científico a estos nuevos métodos.

The kinesio taping is a technique that was created in 1979 by Doctor Kenzo Kase I'm looking through it that could generate a new therapeutic option to control pain, improve athletic performance and reduce the impact of musculoskeletal disorders. From the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, this technique as a therapeutic alternative PTO and is composed of health professionals in the field of sport and physical rehabilitation. Objetive: This article aims to identify theoretical approaches on the bandage neuromuscular. Material and methods: held today, for which conducted a literature search of databases such as como Proquest, Ovid, Cochraine, PEDro, Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical, Sciencedirect, Pubmed y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs). The paper proposes a scheme of contextualization of the current landscape of the use and effects of kinesio taping in the management of different pathologies of the musculo-skeletal system in sports. Conclusion: it is concluded that currently many health professionals, and take the neuromuscular bandage a good therapeutic option in the management of diseases affecting the human body is investigated and every day more about the subject, which makes these new therapeutic methods to acquire a scientific value and transcends knowledge.

A kinesio taping é uma técnica que foi criada em 1979 por Dr. Kenzo Kase Estou procurando através dele que poderia gerar uma nova opção terapêutica para controlar a dor, melhorar o desempenho atlético e reduzir o impacto de distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos. Do Sydney 2000 Olympic Games, estatécnica como uma alternativa terapêutica PTO e é composto de profissionais de saúde na área de reabilitação física e esporte. Alvo: Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar abordagens teóricas sobre oNeuromuscular curativo. Materiais e métodos: realizou hoje, para o qual realizou uma pesquisa bibliográficados bancos de dados, tais como como Proquest, Ovid, Cochraine, PEDro, Journal of Orthopedic and Sports Physical, Sciencedirect, Pubmed y Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (Lilacs). O documento propõe um esquemade contextualização do cenário atual do uso e efeitos de kinesio taping na gestão dasdiferentes patologias do sistema músculo-esquelético no esporte. Conclusões: conclui-se quemuitos profissionais de saúde atualmente, e tomar as vandaje neuromuscular uma boa opção terapêutica no tratamento de doenças que afetam o corpo humano é investigada e cada dia mais sobre o assunto, o que torna esses novos métodosterapêuticos para adquirir um valor científico e transcende o conhecimento.