Use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of nonfluent primary progressive aphasia: a case report / Uso da estimulação magnética transcraniana no tratamento da afasia progressiva primária não fluente: um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Primary progressive aphasia comprises a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive speech and language dysfunction. Neuroimaging (structural and functional), biomarkers, and neuropsychological assessments allow for early diagnosis. However, there is no pharmacological treatment for the disease. Speech and language therapy is the main rehabilitation strategy. In this case report, we describe a female patient diagnosed with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia who underwent sessions of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and showed improvement in depression scores, naming tasks in oral and written speech, and comprehension tasks in oral and written discourse.

RESUMO As afasias progressivas primárias (APP) representam um grupo de doenças neurodegenerativas caracterizadas por disfunção progressiva da fala e da linguagem. A neuroimagem (estrutural e funcional), os biomarcadores e as avaliações neuropsicológicas permitem o diagnóstico precoce. No entanto, não há tratamento farmacológico para a doença. A terapia fonoaudiológica é a principal estratégia de reabilitação. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos uma paciente com diagnóstico de APP não fluente que foi submetida a sessões de estimulação magnética transcraniana de alta frequência no córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo e apresentou melhora nos escores de depressão, nas tarefas de nomeação da fala oral e escrita e nas tarefas de compreensão da fala oral e escrita.

A mudança discursiva na assistência ao usuário ou dependente de drogas: análise de discurso crítica de uma lei federal / The discourse change in drugs users or addicts care: critical discourse analysis of a federal Act

Resumo No Brasil, as políticas sobre drogas passaram por modificações ao longo do tempo, carregando marcas de cada período histórico e interesse sanitário-político. Na atual conjuntura, por exemplo, há uma tendência de oposição aos ideais do movimento de reforma psiquiátrica. Nesse contexto, este artigo objetiva analisar os elementos-chave evidenciados a partir do estudo de um documento normativo sobre drogas, na perspectiva da análise de discurso crítica. Realizou-se a análise da Lei no 13.840, de 2019, conforme o modelo tridimensional de Fairclough, com discussão a partir dos conceitos de biopoder e biopolítica de Foucault. A ênfase no tratamento pautado pela internação involuntária, comunidade terapêutica e abstinência reproduz uma perspectiva asilar de tratamento. Observa-se, assim, a reprodução de concepções asilar, proibicionista e autoritária, justificadas sob um véu de neutralidade ideológica e evidências científicas, que corroboram a existência de um movimento antirreformista.

Abstract Brazilian drug policies have undergone changes over time, bearing marks for each historical period and experienced sanitary-political interests. Nowadays, an anti-reformist character was perceived in changes concentrated on Law no. 13,840, of June 5, 2019. The aim of this study is to analyze the key elements of a normative document on drugs based on the Critical Discourse Analysis. We analyzed the Law no. 13,840 using Fairclough's method for three-dimensional analysis and then discussed it with Foucault's notions of Biopower and Biopolitics. We consider that the emphasis on involuntary hospitalization, therapeutic communities and abstinence opposes the Brazilian psychiatric reform movement. The development of oppressive care practices are hidden by the so-called ideological neutrality and scientific evidence.

Percepción social sobre roedores urbanos y riesgo sanitario en barrios del Gran La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina / Social perception on urban rodents and sanitary risk in neighborhoods from Gran La Plata, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina

NTRODUCCIÓN: Los roedores sinantrópicos, representados por el ratón doméstico (Mus musculus), la rata parda (Rattus norvegicus) y la rata negra (Rattus rattus), representan un riesgo importante para la salud. En Sudamérica, la fragmentación socioeconómica se refleja en marcadas diferencias entre centros urbanos y áreas periféricas, y se asocia a un registro heterogéneo. El objetivo fue relevar datos por encuestas a los habitantes de dos barrios del Gran La Plata con características contrastantes para explorar, describir y evaluar la percepción en relación con la presencia de roedores en domicilio, peridomicilio y barrio como vehículos de transmisión de enfermedades. MÉTODOS: A partir de un diseño descriptivo exploratorio, se confeccionaron y realizaron encuestas siguiendo la técnica de muestreo estratificado. Se consideraron las variables género y grupo, de tal manera que la muestra tuviese la misma distribución. La información se transfirió a una base de datos y se analizó a través de IBM SPSS Statistics V25. RESULTADOS: Existe una preocupación común respecto al rol de los roedores urbanos como reservorios y fuentes de infección de patologías zoonóticas. En el barrio más vulnerable, la presencia de roedores fue más frecuente que en el centro de la ciudad. DISCUSIÓN: Este estudio provee un abordaje diferente en relación con roedores y patologías asociadas, considerando la percepción social y revelando su importancia para los programas de manejo y control.

Urorectal fistula repair using different approaches: operative results and quality of life issues

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate efficacy of urorectal fistula (URF) repair using different approaches and the clinical factor determinant of success, and also the morbidity associated to the procedure and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in male survivors of pelvic malignancies. Material and Methods: Retrospective evaluation of 39 patients with URF primarily intervened in three institutions using different surgical approaches. Success was defined as effective fistula closure. Variables evaluated included demographics, previous treatments, surgical approach, ancillary surgeries, complications and HRQoL by using a standardized non-validated specific questionnaire. Median follow-up from surgery to interview was 55 months (interquartile range 49, range 4-112). Factors determinant of success were investigated using logistic regression. Safety of the procedure was evaluated by Clavien-Dindo scale. Deterioration of continence and erectile function and other HRQoL issues were evaluated. Results: Prostate cancer treatment was the predominant etiology. The success rate for fistula repair was 89.5%. The surgical approach was not related to failed repair (p=0.35) or complications (p=0.29). Factors associated with failure were complications (p=0.025), radiotherapy (p=0.03), fistula location (p=0.04) and fistula size (p=0.007). Multivariate analysis revealed fistula size was the only independent determinant of failure (OR 6.904, 1.01-47.75). Complications occurred in 46.2% and severe complications in 12.8%. The mortality related to the procedure was 2.6%. Urinary incontinence was present before repair in 26.3% and erectile dysfunction in 89.5%. Fistula repair caused de novo urinary incontinence in 7.9% and deterioration of erectile status in 44.7%. Globally 79% were satisfied after repair and only 7.9% rated HRQoL as unhappy. Trans-sphincteric approach was related to less deterioration of erectile function (p=0.003), and higher perceived satisfaction in QoL (p=0.04). Conclusions: The surgical approach elected to correct URF is not determinant of success nor of complications. Fistula size appears as independent determinant for failure. Transsphincteric approach could be advantageous over other procedures regarding HRQoL issues.

Sexualidade e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis: análise da formação de alunos da área da saúde / Sexuality and sexually transmitted infections: analysis of health student training / Sexualidad e infecciones sexualmente transmitidas: análisis de la formación de estudiantes de salud

Objetivo: Conhecer a formação de alunos da área da saúde quanto à sexualidade e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Método: estudo descritivo-analítico e transversal, desenvolvido com 108 alunos matriculados nos cursos de Enfermagem, Fisioterapia e Medicina de uma Universidade pública. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre janeiro e março de 2019 por meio da autoaplicacão de um questionário e na análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: o contato com a temática durante a formação ocorreu predominantemente a partir de disciplinas específicas. 82 alunos (75,93%) acreditam que as informações acerca do tema fornecidas na graduação são suficientes. 42 alunos (38,90%) sugeriram abordar o tema em disciplinas regulares ou específicas. Conclusão: conhecer os aspectos da formação de alunos da área da saúde quanto à sexualidade e Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias de revisão dos currículos, a fim de promover uma competente atuação frente ao tema

Objective:To know the education of health students regarding sexuality and sexually transmitted infections. Method: Descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, developed with 108 students enrolled in the Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine courses of a public University. Data collection took place between January and March 2019 through the self-application of a questionnaire and data analysis using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Contact with the theme during the training occurred predominantly from specific disciplines. 82 students (75.93%) believe that the information on the subject provided in the undergraduate program is sufficient. 42 students (38.90%) suggested approaching the theme in regular or specific subjects. Conclusion: Knowing the aspects of the education of health students regarding sexuality and sexually transmitted infections, allows the development of curriculum revision strategies, in order to promote a competent performance on the subject

Objetivo: Conocer la educación de los estudiantes de salud sobre sexualidad e infecciones de transmisión sexual. Método: estudio descriptivo-analítico y transversal, desarrollado con 108 estudiantes matriculados en cursos de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Medicina de una universidad pública. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre enero y marzo de 2019 mediante la autoaplicación de un cuestionario y el análisis de datos utilizando estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Resultados: el contacto con el tema durante la capacitación se produjo principalmente de disciplinas específicas. 82 estudiantes (75.93%) creen que la información sobre el tema proporcionada en el programa de pregrado es suficiente. 42 estudiantes (38.90%) sugirieron abordar el tema en materias regulares ou específicas. Conclusión: conocer los aspectos de la educación de los estudiantes de salud con respecto a la sexualidad y las infecciones de transmisión sexual, permite el desarrollo de estrategias de revisión curricular, con el fin de promover un desempeño competente en el tema

Health collapse in Manaus: the burden of not adhering to non-pharmacological measures to reduce the transmission of Covid-19 / Colapso na saúde em Manaus: o fardo de não aderir às medidas não farmacológicas de redução da transmissão da Covid-19

ABSTRACT This article aims to compare the evolution of Covid-19 in Manaus and Fortaleza, two epicenters of the pandemic in 2020, analyzing legal measures by local governments and levels of social isolation. An algorithm was defined to calculate the Homestay Index (HSI), using data from the Google Mobility Report. We analyzed the decree's timeline, the HSI evolution, the Covid-19 incidence and the number of deaths from March/2020 to January/2021. The population of Fortaleza was exposed to more consistent measures of social distancing than that of Manaus. Longer homestay was observed from March to May 2020 and Fortaleza achieved higher and more lasting levels. As of June 2020, the HSI fell, notably in Manaus, reaching levels below zero in late December. As an aggravating factor, the government decreed broad isolation in Manaus on December 23, 2020, but after protests it was repealed on December 26, 2020. A judicial decision determined the complete closure in Manaus on January 2nd 2021, but it was too late: the SUS collapsed with an exponential increase in deaths. In Fortaleza, the demand for health services was high, but under control. We consider that only the strict application of non-pharmacological measures and mass immunization can prevent further deaths.

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar o comportamento da Covid-19 em Manaus e Fortaleza, dois epicentros da pandemia em 2020, analisando medidas legais dos governos locais e níveis de isolamento social. Definiu-se um algoritmo para calcular o Índice de Permanência Domiciliar (IPD), com dados do Google Mobility Report. Analisaram-se a linha do tempo dos decretos, a evolução do IPD, da incidência de Covid-19 e do número de óbitos de março/2020 a janeiro/2021. A população de Fortaleza esteve exposta a medidas de distanciamento social mais consistentes que as de Manaus. Foi observado, de março a maio de 2020, uma maior permanência domiciliar, e Fortaleza atingiu níveis mais elevados e duradouros. A partir de junho, o IPD caiu, sobretudo em Manaus, atingindo níveis abaixo de zero no final de dezembro. Devido a isso, o governo decretou amplo isolamento em Manaus em 23/12/2020, mas após protestos, revogou-o em 26/12/2020. Uma decisão judicial determinava o fechamento completo em Manaus em 02/01/2021, mas foi tarde demais: o SUS entrou em colapso com aumento exponencial dos óbitos. Em Fortaleza, a demanda aos serviços de saúde estava elevada, mas sob controle. Considerou-se que somente a aplicação rigorosa de medidas não farmacológicas e imunização em massa poderiam evitar mais mortes.

Inpatient flow for Covid-19 in the Brazilian health regions / Fluxo de internação por Covid-19 nas regiões de saúde do Brasil

ABSTRACT The study aims to investigate the flows of Covid-19 hospitalizations in the 450 Brazilian health regions and 117 health macro-regions between March and October 2020. This descriptive study includes all Covid-19 hospitalizations registered in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System between the eighth and forty-fourth epidemiological weeks of 2020. In Brazil, 397,830 admissions were identified for Covid-19. Emigration was 11.9% for residents in health regions and 6.8% in macro-regions; this pattern was also maintained during the peak period of Covid-19 hospitalizations. The average evasion for residents of health regions was 17.6% in the Northeast and 8.8% in the South. Evasion was more accentuated in health regions with up to 100 thousand inhabitants(36.9%), which was 7 times greater than that observed in health regions with more than 2 million inhabitants (5.2%). The negative migratory efficacy indicator (-0.39) revealed a predominance of evasion. Of the 450 Brazilian health regions, 117 (39.3%) had a coefficient of migratory efficacy between-1 and-0.75, and 113 (25.1%) between-0.75 and-0.25. Results indicate that the regionalization of the health system exhibited adequate organization of healthcare in the territory; however, the long distances traveled are still worrisome.

RESUMO Objetivou-se investigar os fluxos de internações por Covid-19 nas 450 regiões e 117 macrorregiões de saúde brasileiras, de março a outubro de 2020. Realizou-se estudo descritivo, compreendendo todas as internações por Covid-19 registradas no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe entre a 8ª e a 44ª semanas epidemiológicas de 2020. Identificaram-se 397.830 internações por Covid-19 no Brasil. A evasão foi de 11,9% dos residentes nas regiões de saúde e de 6,8% nas macrorregiões; padrão que se manteve no período de pico das internações por Covid-19. Houve, em média, 17,6% de evasão dos residentes das regiões de saúde do Nordeste e de 8,8% das do Sul. A evasão foi mais acentuada nas regiões de saúde com até 100 mil/hab. (36,9%), a qual foi 7 vezes maior que a verificada naquelas com mais de 2 milhões/habitantes (5,2%). O indicador de eficácia migratória negativo (-0,39) indicou predomínio da evasão. Das 450 regiões de saúde brasileiras, 117 (39,3%) apresentaram coeficiente de eficácia migratória entre-1 e-0,75; e 113 (25,1%), entre-0,75 e-0,25. Os resultados indicam que a regionalização do sistema de saúde mostrou-se adequada na organização do atendimento no território, porém, as longas distâncias percorridas ainda são preocupantes.

Eimeria spp. infection in lambs from southern Brazil / Infecção por Eimeria spp. em cordeiros do sul do Brasil

Eimeria infections are common in the sheep industry worldwide. Lambs are more susceptible to coccidiosis, especially in stressful conditions, being infected by different species of the parasite. Eimeria crandallis and Eimeria ovinoidalis are considered the most pathogenic, causing reduced growth, dehydration, anorexia, and death. In this study, the frequency of Eimeria species was evaluated in lambs from the southern region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Fecal samples from 248 lambs, from 19 farms, were tested for the presence of oocysts. The positive samples were re-examined and the sporulated oocysts analyzed morphometrically to identify the presence of Eimeria species. In 100% of the evaluated farms, there were animals positive for the protozoan. The frequency of Eimeria species was: E. ovinoidalis (94.74%), E. crandallis (89.47%), E. granulosa (78.95%), E. parva (68.42%), E. ahsata (63.13%), E. punctata (42.11%), E. bakuensis (36.84%), E. faurei (10.53%), and E. pallida (5.26%). Mixed infection was found in 94.74% of the samples. This research describes, for the first time, the occurrence of E. crandallis and E. ovinoidalis infecting lambs in the study area. The wide distribution of this protozoan and the high frequency of pathogenic species show the importance and potential damage of sheep coccidiosis in herds from Rio Grande do Sul.(AU)

As infecções por Eimeria são comuns na ovinocultura mundial. Cordeiros são mais suscetíveis a coccidiose, especialmente em condições estressantes, sendo infectados por diferentes espécies do parasito. Eimeria crandallis e Eimeria ovinoidalis são consideradas as mais patogênicas, causando redução do crescimento, desidratação, anorexia e morte. Neste estudo, a prevalência de Eimeria spp. foi avaliada em cordeiros da região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Amostras fecais de 248 cordeiros, provenientes de 19 fazendas, foram testadas quanto à presença de oocistos. As amostras positivas foram reexaminadas e os oocistos esporulados analisados morfometricamente para identificação das espécies de Eimeria presentes. Em 100% das fazendas avaliadas houve animais positivos para o protozoário. A frequência das espécies de Eimeria foi: E. ovinoidalis (94.74%), E. crandallis (89.47%), E. granulosa (78.95%), E. parva (68.42%), E. ahsata (63.13%), E. punctata (42.11%), E. bakuensis (36.84%), E. faurei (10.53%) e E. pallida (5.26). Infecção mista foi encontrada em 94.74% das amostras. Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a ocorrência de E. crandallis e E. ovinoidalis infectando cordeiros na área de estudo. Este trabalho descreve pela primeira vez a ocorrência de E. crandallis e E. ovinoidalis infectando cordeiros na área de estudo. A ampla distribuição desse protozoário e a alta frequência das espécies patogênicas evidenciam a importância da coccidiose ovina e os danos potenciais nos rebanhos do Rio Grande do Sul.(AU)

Facial trauma and background level: a study on the populations perspective / Trauma de face e níveis de escolaridade: um estudo sobre a perspectiva da população

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the population's understanding on facial trauma, according to their level of schooling. Methods: an observational, cross-sectional, quantitative, documentary study conducted, based on 852 interviews carried out in two Brazilian state capitals. The association between the levels of schooling and varied knowledge of facial trauma was investigated. The data were analyzed with Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test, with a margin of error of 5%. Results: there was a statistically significant association between the participants' schooling and their understanding on the consequences of trauma in: functions (p = 0.001), mouth mobility (p = 0.005), and dental issues (p = 0.003). In the most affected population, schooling was also associated with youth (p = 0.001) and adults (p = 0.044). Regarding causes, there was association with falls (p = 0.034) and traffic accidents (p = 0.034). There was association with bikers (p = 0.016) and motorcyclists (p = 0.001) as the population with greater propensity. Schooling was associated with all the professionals. Concerning the consequences to the victim's life, there was association also with general health (p = 0.049), household chores (p = 0.001), and social life (p = 0.001). Recklessness was the only cause with an association (p = 0.004). Schooling was associated with previous knowledge of trauma (p = 0.001). Conclusion: their understanding on the consequences of trauma, most affected population, main causes, professionals involved in the treatment, repercussion for people's lives, and previous knowledge of the subject increased along with the levels of background.

RESUMO Objetivo: averiguar a perspectiva da população sobre trauma de face, de acordo com nível de escolaridade. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal, documental, quantitativo, oriundo de 852 entrevistas, em duas capitais brasileiras. Investigou-se associação entre nível de escolaridade e demais conhecimentos sobre trauma de face. Dados foram analisados com testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fisher, erro de 5%. Resultados: houve associação estatisticamente significante da escolaridade e entendimento das consequências do trauma em: funções (p=0,001), mobilidade da boca (p=0,005) e questões dentárias (p=0,003). Na população mais acometida, escolaridade também se associou a jovens (p=0,001) e adultos (p=0,044). Sobre causas, houve associação com quedas (p=0,034) e acidentes de trânsito (p=0,034). Houve associação de ciclistas (p=0,016) e motociclistas (p=0,001) como população mais propensa. Escolaridade foi associada a todos profissionais. Com relação às consequências para a vida, houve também associação com saúde geral (p=0,049), atividades domésticas (p=0,001) e vida social (p=0,001). Imprudência foi a única causa com associação (p=0,004). Escolaridade foi associada ao conhecimento prévio sobre trauma (p=0,001). Conclusão: entendimento sobre consequências do trauma, população mais acometida, principais causas, profissionais envolvidos no tratamento, repercussão para a vida das pessoas e conhecimento prévio sobre o assunto aumentaram de acordo com os níveis de escolaridade.

Initial inflammatory response after the pulpotomy of rat molars with MTA or ferric sulfate

Abstract Purpose To compare, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the inflammatory cells, vascular density and IL-6 immunolabeled cells present in the pulp after pulpotomy with white MTA versus 15.5% ferric sulfate (FS). Methodology Forty-eight mandibular first molars from 24 Wistar rats were divided into MTA or FS groups and subdivided according to the period after pulpotomy procedure (24, 48 and 72 hours). Four teeth (sound and untreated) were used as controls. Histological sections were obtained and assessed through the descriptive analysis of morphological aspects of pulp tissue and the quantification of inflammatory cells, vascular density and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. Data were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results The number of inflammatory cells was similar in both groups, being predominantly localized at the cervical radicular third. In the MTA group, increased inflammation was observed at 48 hours. Vascular density was similar in both groups and over time, being predominant in the medium radicular third. No correlation was found between the number of inflammatory cells and the vascular density. Pulp tissue was more organized in MTA-treated teeth. In both groups, a weak to moderate IL-6 expression was detected in odontoblasts and inflammatory cells. Comparing both groups, there was a greater IL-6 expression in the cervical radicular third of teeth treated with MTA at 24 hours and in the medium and apical thirds at 72 hours, while in the FS group a greater IL-6 expression was found in the apical third at 24 hours. Conclusion The MTA group presented better histological features and greater IL-6 expression than the FS group. However, no difference was observed between the groups regarding the inflammatory status and vascularization, suggesting the usefulness of FS as a low-cost alternative to MTA.

Condiciones y ambiente de trabajo en dos centros de acopio de materiales reciclables del Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires / Conditions and Environment of Work in Two Recycling Centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las plantas de clasificación de residuos aparecen como una alternativa de inserción para los cartoneros. No obstante, se advierten falencias que producen efectos perjudiciales sobre la salud y el ambiente laboral de estos trabajadores no clásicos. OBJETIVOS: Describir el proceso, las condiciones y el medio ambiente de trabajo en centros de acopio y separación de reciclables en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), evaluando las exigencias físicas y el riesgo sanitario. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en dos establecimientos del AMBA, uno en contexto urbano y el otro en descampado periurbano. Se efectuó trabajo de campo etnográfico con observación, entrevistas y dinámicas grupales con técnicas proyectivas y eutonía, en paralelo con muestreos biológicos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron situaciones externas de riesgo y otras propias del trabajador definidas como exigencias. No se encontraron virus, aunque sí vectores de dengue y encefalitis San Luis. Existe circulación de parásitos con reservorio en roedores, perros y gatos. Se documentaron otros riesgos asociados a residuos industriales, deficiente provisión de agua e incendio. Se registró sobrecarga sobre los trabajadores varones. CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere vigilancia sanitaria en perros, gatos, roedores e insectos, así como muestreo aleatorio de materiales ingresados. Para reducir exigencias se indica rotación entre puestos y uso de máquinas simples.

INTRODUCTION: Recycling centers appear as an alternative for the employability of informal garbage collectors. However, there are deficiencies producing harmful effects on human health and the labor environment of these non-conventional workers. OBJECTIVES: To describe the process, conditions and environment of work of recycling centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires (MABA), evaluating physical demands and health risk. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted in two recycling facilities located in the MABA, one in an urban setting and the other one in a peri-urban area. Ethnographic fieldwork was carried out with observation, interviews and group dynamics with projective techniques and eutony, in parallel with biological sampling. RESULTS: External risk situations were identified, along with other worker-related factors defined as demands. No viruses were found, although there are vectors of dengue and Saint Louis encephalitis. There is also circulation of parasites with reservoir in rodents, dogs and cats. Other risks associated with industrial waste, poor water supply and fire were documented. There was an overload on male workers. CONCLUSIONS: Sanitary surveillance is suggested in dogs, cats, rodents and insects, as well as random sampling of incoming materials. Job rotation and use of simple machines are indicated to reduce demands.

Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772) (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing margay cat (Leopardus wiedii) (Schinz, 1821), in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil / Amblyomma aureolatum (Pallas, 1772) (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitando gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii) (Schinz, 1821), em Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Ticks are parasites of wild animals, affecting diverse and several species. The present study reveals the presence of Amblyomma aureolatum parasitizing the margay cat (Leopardus wiedii) in the city of Uruguaiana. This is the first report of the presence of this tick specie in this city, situated in west (29° 45' 18" S 57° 05' 16" W) of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, indicating a wide host diversity.

Carrapatos podem ser parasitos de animais selvagens, afetando diversas espécies. O presente trabalho relata a presença de Amblyomma aureolatum parasitando o gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii) na região de Uruguaiana, esse é o primeiro relato da presença desta espécie de ixodídeo nesta cidade (29° 45' 18" S 57° 05' 16" W), situada na região oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, indicando que diversos hospedeiros silvestres podem ser acometidos pelo parasito.

Effect of EDTA on TGF-ß1 released from the dentin matrix and its influence on dental pulp stem cell migration

Abstract: Bioactive molecules stored in dentin, such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-b1), may be involved in the signaling events related to dental tissue repair. The authors conducted an in vitro evaluation of the amount of TGF-b1 released from dentin slices after treatment with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the effect of this growth factor on stem cell migration from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Sixty 1-mm-thick tooth slices were prepared with or without the predentin layer, and treated with either 10% EDTA for 1 minute, 2.5% NaOCl for 5 days or kept in PBS. Tooth slice conditioned media were prepared and used for TGF-b1 ELISA and migration assays. Culture medium with different concentrations of recombinant human TGF-b1 (0.5, 1.0, 5.0 or 10.0 ng/mL) was also tested by migration assay. The data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey's test. Optical density values corresponding to media conditioned by tooth slices either containing or not containing the predentin layer and treated with 10% EDTA were statistically greater than the other groups and close to 1 ng/mL. Increased rates of migration toward media conditioned by tooth slices containing the predentin layer and treated with PBS, 10% EDTA or 2.5% NaOCl were observed. Recombinant human TGF-b1 also stimulated migration of SHED, irrespective of the concentration used. EDTA may be considered an effective extractant of TGF-b1 from the dentin matrix. However, it does not impact SHED migration, suggesting that other components may account for the cell migration.

Generation of 3D ultrasound biomicroscopic images: technique validation and in vivo volumetric imaging of rat lateral gastrocnemius

Introduction Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a technique for generating high-resolution images, with frequencies from 20 MHz to 100 MHz. For example, it has been used in animal research related to models of injury and diseases that mimic human conditions. With a three-dimensional ultrasound (3D) image system, an organ can be viewed at various angles and the volume estimated, contributing to an accurate diagnosis. This work refers to the generation of 3D-UBM images, employing a 35 MHz ultrasound system, from multiple two-dimensional (2D) images. Phantoms were used to validate the technique and to determine its reliability of volume measurements. Additionally, the technique was used to obtain 3D images of the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Methods Four different phantoms were used and ten acquisition sequences of 2D-images acquired for each one. Thereafter, 5 volume segmentations were performed for each acquisition sequence, resulting in 50 measured volumes for each phantom. The physical volumes of all phantoms were used to validate the technique based on the coefficient of variation (CV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Images of the gastrocnemius muscle were acquired and the partial volume quantified. Results The CV and ICC confirmed the reliability of volume measurements obtained by segmentation. Moreover, cross-sectional 2D images of rat hindlimb were obtained, allowing to identify the gastrocnemius muscle and to partially quantify the muscle volume from 3D images. Conclusion The results indicated that the technique is valid to generate 3D images and quantify the volume of a muscle compatible with the dimensions of a small animal.

Confiabilidade de medidas de arquitetura muscular do tríceps sural por ultrassonografia de imagem / Reliability of triceps surae muscle architecture measurements obtained with sonographic imaging

Há, atualmente, na literatura, poucas pesquisas de confiabilidade e validação da quantificação de parâmetros de arquitetura muscular por ultrassonografia (US), relatando informações importantes como o erro típico da medida (ETM) e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). O objetivo do estudo foi aplicar a técnica de US para quantificar as medidas de comprimento da fibra (CF) e ângulo de penação (AP) dos músculos gastrocnêmios e determinar a confiabilidade e a reprodutibilidade dessas medidas. Duas imagens de cada gastrocnêmio de 19 indivíduos jovens e saudáveis foram adquiridas com um equipamento de ultrassom modo-B (7,5MHz), em duas visitas. CF e AP foram medidos cinco vezes nas duas imagens de cada indivíduo, totalizando vinte medidas de cada parâmetro para cada participante. A confiabilidade do total das 760 medidas foi determinada através do coeficiente de variação (CV), ICC e ETM. O CV do CF variou de 1,67 a 4,44 por cento e do AP de 3,8 a 11,62 por cento. Todos os ICC se encontram no intervalo de grande confiabilidade, com exceção do valor referente à medida interdias do AP do gastrocnêmio medial (0,67). Os dois valores mais altos de ETM (3,1º e 3,7º) correspondem aos dois valores inferiores do ICC (0,67 e 0,83), referentes às medidas repetidas interdias dos gastrocnêmios. As medidas de CF dos gastrocnêmios medial e lateral apresentaram ETM de 2,17mm e 2,25mm, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a metodologia utilizada para medição de CF e AP realizada em imagens de ultrassom apresentou alta confiabilidade.

There are few studies in the literature concerning the reliability and validity of the quantification of muscle architecture parameters using ultrasound that also report important information such as typical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The aim of this study was to use ultrasound imaging to quantify fiber length (FL) and pennation angle (PA) of the gastrocnemius muscle and to determine the reliability and reproducibility of these measurements. Two images of each gastrocnemius of 19 young healthy subjects were acquired using ultrasound equipment (7.5 MHz), in two visits. FL and PA were measured five times on each image, for a total of twenty measurements of each parameter. The overall reliability of the 760 measurements was determined through coefficients of variation (CV), ICC and TEM. The CV of FL ranged from 1.67 to 4.44 percent and from 3.8 to 11.62 percent for the PA. All ICC were within the high reliability range, with the exception of the between-visits PA value of the medial gastrocnemius (0.67). The two highest TEM values (3.1º and 3.7º) correspond to the two lowest ICC values (0.67 and 0.83), referring to repeated between-visit measurements of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius. FL measurements of the medial and lateral gastrocnemius had a TEM of 2.17 and 2.25 respectively. The results showed that ultrasound-based measurement of FL and PA exhibits high reliability.

Comparison of predicted binders in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus intestine protein variants BM86 Campo Grande strain, BM86 and BM95 / Comparação da previsão de ligação das variantes de proteína de intestino de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Bm86 cepa Campo Grande, Bm86 e Bm95

This paper reports the sequence analysis of Bm86 Campo Grande strain comparing it with Bm86 and Bm95 antigens from the preparations TickGardPLUS and GavacTM, respectively. The PCR product was cloned into pMOSBlue and sequenced. The secondary structure prediction tool PSIPRED was used to calculate alpha helices and beta strand contents of the predicted polypeptide. The hydrophobicity profile was calculated using the algorithms from the Hopp and Woods method, in addition to identification of potential MHC class-I binding regions in the antigens. Pair-wise alignment revealed that the similarity between Bm86 Campo Grande strain and Bm86 is 0.2 percent higher than that between Bm86 Campo Grande strain and Bm95 antigens. The identities were 96.5 percent and 96.3 percent respectively. Major suggestive differences in hydrophobicity were predicted among the sequences in two specific regions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a seqüência de Bm86 cepa Campo Grande comparando-a com os antígenos Bm86 e Bm95 das preparações TickGardPLUS e GavacTM, respectivamente. O produto de PCR foi clonado em PMOSBlue e seqüenciado. Para calcular os conteúdos de alfa-hélice e fita beta do polipeptídio previsto, foi utilizada a ferramenta de prognóstico de estrutura secundária PSIPRED. O perfil de hidrofobicidade foi calculado usando os algoritmos de Hopp e Woods, além da identificação das possíveis regiões de ligação com MHC classe I nos antígenos. O alinhamento "pair-wise" revelou que a similaridade entre Bm86 cepa Campo Grande e Bm86 é 0,2 por cento maior que aquela entre Bm86 cepa Campo Grande e Bm95. As identidades foram de 96,5 por cento e 96,3 por cento, respectivamente. Com relação à hidrofobicidade, os resultados sugerem que a maior diferença entre as seqüências está localizada em duas regiões específicas.

Condiciones y ambiente de trabajo en dos centros de acopio de materiales reciclables del Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires / Conditions and Environment of Work in Two Recycling Centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las plantas de clasificación de residuos aparecen como una alternativa de inserción para los cartoneros. No obstante, se advierten falencias que producen efectos perjudiciales sobre la salud y el ambiente laboral de estos trabajadores no clásicos. OBJETIVOS: Describir el proceso, las condiciones y el medio ambiente de trabajo en centros de acopio y separación de reciclables en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires (AMBA), evaluando las exigencias físicas y el riesgo sanitario. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en dos establecimientos del AMBA, uno en contexto urbano y el otro en descampado periurbano. Se efectuó trabajo de campo etnográfico con observación, entrevistas y dinámicas grupales con técnicas proyectivas y eutonía, en paralelo con muestreos biológicos. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron situaciones externas de riesgo y otras propias del trabajador definidas como exigencias. No se encontraron virus, aunque sí vectores de dengue y encefalitis San Luis. Existe circulación de parásitos con reservorio en roedores, perros y gatos. Se documentaron otros riesgos asociados a residuos industriales, deficiente provisión de agua e incendio. Se registró sobrecarga sobre los trabajadores varones. CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere vigilancia sanitaria en perros, gatos, roedores e insectos, así como muestreo aleatorio de materiales ingresados. Para reducir exigencias se indica rotación entre puestos y uso de máquinas simples

Signaling pathways in a Citrus EST database

Citrus spp. are economically important crops, which in Brazil are grown mainly in the State of São Paulo. Citrus cultures are attacked by several pathogens, causing severe yield losses. In order to better understand this culture, the Millenium Project (IAC Cordeirópolis) was launched in order to sequence Citrus ESTs (expressed sequence tags) from different tissues, including leaf, bark, fruit, root and flower. Plants were submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses and investigated under different development stages (adult vs. juvenile). Several cDNA libraries were constructed and the sequences obtained formed the Citrus ESTs database with almost 200,000 sequences. Searches were performed in the Citrus database to investigate the presence of different signaling pathway components. Several of the genes involved in the signaling of sugar, calcium, cytokinin, plant hormones, inositol phosphate, MAPKinase and COP9 were found in the citrus genome and are discussed in this paper. The results obtained may indicate that similar mechanisms described in other plants, such as Arabidopsis, occur in citrus. Further experimental studies must be conducted in order to understand the different signaling pathways present.

Genes associated with hypersensitive response (HR) in the citrus EST database (CitEST)

Plants are continuously exposed to pathogen attack, but successful infection is rare because they protect themselves against pathogens using a wide range of response mechanisms. One of them is the hypersensitive response (HR), which is a form of cell death often associated with plant resistance to pathogen infection to prevent the spreadsebpg@cnpq.br sebpg@cnpq.br of the potential pathogen from infected to uninfected tissues. Cell death is activated by recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by the resistance (R) gene products, and is associated with the massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), salicylic acid (SA), and other pro-death signals such as nitric oxide (NO). The analysis of the citrus EST (CitEST) database revealed the presence of putative genes likely to be involved in HR through their products, like metacaspases, lipoxygenases, phospholipases, pathogenesis-related proteins, glutathione transferases/peroxidases, enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway and in the formation and detoxification of ROS, as well as those involved in the formation and regulation of ion channels, SA and NO. By analysis of the EST database of Citrus, it was possible to identify several putative genes that code for key enzymes involved in HR triggering and also in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stress.

Vínculos institucionais: uma experiência asilar / Institutional linkings: an institution experience

Este trabalho pretende compreender a dinâmica das formações psíquicas dentro de uma instituição. Esta formação é constituída, ao mesmo tempo, pelo conteúdo psíquico de cada sujeito e pelo conjunto de sujeitos que formam a instituição. Tal interação se torna complexa, pois, cada indivíduo já traz internalizado um conjunto de normas, pautas e valores. Neste sentido, as autoras, através de suas vivências institucionais, e com a contribuição de autores como Kaës, Bleger e Bion, se propõem a entender as vinculações que se estabelecem no espaço psíquico da instituição e sua relação com o sofrimento institucional.